Question 1

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane 
B) flagella 
C) cell wall 
D) ribosomes 
A) cell membrane 
B) flagella 
C) cell wall 
D) ribosomes C

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) In a cell with peritrichous flagella, each flagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B) In a tumble, the flagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C) When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient. 
D) The fuel for flagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient. 
A) In a cell with peritrichous flagella, each flagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B) In a tumble, the flagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C) When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient. 
D) The fuel for flagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient. A

Question 3

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme 
B) penicillinase 
C) peptidase 
D) kinase 
A) lysozyme 
B) penicillinase 
C) peptidase 
D) kinase A

Question 4

Two functions of bacterial appendages are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A) attachment; motility 
B) motility; energy production 
C) antibiotic resistance; motility 
D) attachment; energy production 
A) attachment; motility 
B) motility; energy production 
C) antibiotic resistance; motility 
D) attachment; energy production

Question 5

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Accepted Answer

A) cilia 
B) fimbriae 
C) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
D) flagella 
E) pili 
A) cilia 
B) fimbriae 
C) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
D) flagella 
E) pili

Question 6

A clinical laboratory that identifies the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Accepted Answer

A) Systematic 
B) Determinative 
C) Classical 
D) Evolutionary 
A) Systematic 
B) Determinative 
C) Classical 
D) Evolutionary

Question 7

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Accepted Answer

A) slime layers 
B) capsules 
C) cell walls 
D) cell membranes 
E) inclusions 
A) slime layers 
B) capsules 
C) cell walls 
D) cell membranes 
E) inclusions

Question 9

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours.What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Accepted Answer

A) The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
B) The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
C) The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
D) The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile. 
E) The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant. 
A) The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
B) The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
C) The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
D) The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile. 
E) The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant.

Question 10

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to

Accepted Answer

A) move in response to light. 
B) move in response to a chemical. 
C) transport desired molecules into a cell. 
D) halt movement in response to a chemical. 
A) move in response to light. 
B) move in response to a chemical. 
C) transport desired molecules into a cell. 
D) halt movement in response to a chemical.

Question 11

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell membrane 
B) Capsule 
C) Fimbriae 
D) Slime layer 
A) Cell membrane 
B) Capsule 
C) Fimbriae 
D) Slime layer

Question 12

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A) Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
B) Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls. 
C) Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
D) Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid. 
A) Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
B) Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls. 
C) Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
D) Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid.

Question 13

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A) Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
B) Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone 
C) Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D) Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
E) Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine 
A) Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
B) Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone 
C) Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D) Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
E) Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine

Question 16

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body.Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to fit with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Accepted Answer

A) The inner ear can withstand increased pressure. 
B) The surface of the tongue has salt receptors. 
C) The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic. 
D) The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C. 
A) The inner ear can withstand increased pressure. 
B) The surface of the tongue has salt receptors. 
C) The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic. 
D) The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C.

Question 17

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

You need to determine if a pure culture of bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative, but you've just spilled your only solution of crystal violet so you can't do a Gram stain.You decide to try a lysozyme treatment on a sample of each culture and then examine the samples under the microscope.The expected result is

Accepted Answer

A) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lyse but more slowly. 
B) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will be unaffected. 
C) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci. 
D) gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci. 
E) gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will be unaffected. 
A) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lyse but more slowly. 
B) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will be unaffected. 
C) gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci. 
D) gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci. 
E) gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will be unaffected.

Question 19

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug. 
B) Only biofilms would be affected by this drug. 
C) Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug. 
D) A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic. 
E) This kind of drug would destroy viruses only. 
A) Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug. 
B) Only biofilms would be affected by this drug. 
C) Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug. 
D) A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic. 
E) This kind of drug would destroy viruses only.

Question 20

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Two functions of bacterial appendages are ______ and ______.

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

A clinical laboratory that identifies the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours.What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body.Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to fit with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Two functions of bacterial appendages are and .