Question 1

Immunopathology is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the study of immunodeficiencies. 
B) the study of AIDS. 
C) the study of autoimmune diseases. 
D) the study of immune imbalance, whether hyper- or hypoactivity. 
A) the study of immunodeficiencies. 
B) the study of AIDS. 
C) the study of autoimmune diseases. 
D) the study of immune imbalance, whether hyper- or hypoactivity. D

Question 2

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) Anti-B 
B) Anti-A 
C) Anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh 
D) Anti-A and anti-Rh 
E) Anti-B and anti-Rh 
A) Anti-B 
B) Anti-A 
C) Anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh 
D) Anti-A and anti-Rh 
E) Anti-B and anti-Rh E

Question 4

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose.

Accepted Answer

A) sensitizing 
B) provocative 
C) allergic 
D) hypersensitivity 
E) desensitizing 
A) sensitizing 
B) provocative 
C) allergic 
D) hypersensitivity 
E) desensitizing

Question 5

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Accepted Answer

A) Degranulation 
B) Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) Histamine acting on smooth muscle 
E) Prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability 
A) Degranulation 
B) Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) Histamine acting on smooth muscle 
E) Prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 7

In systemic lupus erythematosis (called lupus), complexes of antibody and antigen form, and these immune complexes insert themselves into small blood vessels, joints, heart, and kidney, causing damage to the organ tissue.The course of the disease is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remissions.How is lupus, a type III autoimmune disease, similar to the tuberculin reaction, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction utilize IgE in their mechanisms. 
B) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction are immediate hypersensitivities, occurring within a few hours. 
C) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of antibody production. 
D) The mechanism of both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue. 
A) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction utilize IgE in their mechanisms. 
B) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction are immediate hypersensitivities, occurring within a few hours. 
C) Both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of antibody production. 
D) The mechanism of both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue.

Question 8

Before a type II hypersensitivity can proceed, three immune components must be in place: complement, IgG, and IgM.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are both type III hypersensitivities, but they differ in that

Accepted Answer

A) serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site. 
B) serum sickness is an infection in the blood serum, whereas the Arthus reaction is a swelling in the joints. 
C) serum sickness is vomiting and diarrhea in response to animal serum, whereas the Arthus reaction causes arthritis. 
D) serum sickness is a localized reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction is systemic. 
A) serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site. 
B) serum sickness is an infection in the blood serum, whereas the Arthus reaction is a swelling in the joints. 
C) serum sickness is vomiting and diarrhea in response to animal serum, whereas the Arthus reaction causes arthritis. 
D) serum sickness is a localized reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction is systemic.

Question 10

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in

Accepted Answer

A) hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
B) anaphylaxis. 
C) serum sickness. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity. 
A) hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
B) anaphylaxis. 
C) serum sickness. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity.

Question 11

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

Accepted Answer

A) autoantibodies. 
B) failure of B-cell development and maturity. 
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity. 
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells. 
A) autoantibodies. 
B) failure of B-cell development and maturity. 
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity. 
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Question 12

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock, as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.

Accepted Answer

A) The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract. 
B) Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced, resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody. 
C) Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals. 
D) Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response, resulting in a reduced immune coverage. 
A) The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract. 
B) Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced, resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody. 
C) Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals. 
D) Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response, resulting in a reduced immune coverage.

Question 14

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) histamine 
B) leukotriene 
C) platelet-activating factor 
D) serotonin 
E) prostaglandin 
A) histamine 
B) leukotriene 
C) platelet-activating factor 
D) serotonin 
E) prostaglandin

Question 15

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with?

Accepted Answer

A) Anaphylaxis 
B) Antibody-mediated 
C) Immune complex-mediated 
D) Both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated. 
E) Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated. 
A) Anaphylaxis 
B) Antibody-mediated 
C) Immune complex-mediated 
D) Both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated. 
E) Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated.

Question 16

The leukocyte histamine-release test (LHRT) measures the amount of histamine released from the patient's mast cells and eosinophils when exposed to a specific allergen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

Accepted Answer

A) recipient antibody activation of the complement cascade to attack the RBCs. 
B) fever and anemia. 
C) systemic shock and kidney failure. 
D) massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) recipient antibody activation of the complement cascade to attack the RBCs. 
B) fever and anemia. 
C) systemic shock and kidney failure. 
D) massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

You have dermatitis triggered by a particular material in your socks.Your feet are covered with a really itchy rash, which has developed blisters over the last day or so.You had first worn them 2 to 3 days ago, and you did not launder them after buying them at the store.Finding some antihistamine medication in your bathroom cabinet, you decide to take it to relieve the itching rash.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in, it will last for a few days. 
B) The rash will go away because the antihistamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin. 
C) The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity. 
D) The antihistamine will make the rash worse because it reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin, exacerbating the situation. 
A) The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in, it will last for a few days. 
B) The rash will go away because the antihistamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin. 
C) The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity. 
D) The antihistamine will make the rash worse because it reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin, exacerbating the situation.

Question 19

Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility.What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A) 	T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm. 
B) 	Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign. 
C) 	Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria like Streptococcus. After a strep throat caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens and destroy them. 
D) 	These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody. 
A) 	T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm. 
B) 	Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign. 
C) 	Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria like Streptococcus. After a strep throat caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens and destroy them. 
D) 	These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody.

Question 20

The allergen in poison ivy plants is an oil called urushiol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Disorders in Immunity

Immunopathology is defined as

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose.

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Before a type II hypersensitivity can proceed, three immune components must be in place: complement, IgG, and IgM.

Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are both type III hypersensitivities, but they differ in that

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock, as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ______.

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with?

The leukocyte histamine-release test (LHRT) measures the amount of histamine released from the patient's mast cells and eosinophils when exposed to a specific allergen.

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause

Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility.What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

The allergen in poison ivy plants is an oil called urushiol.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh^- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?