Question 1

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A) Amplification, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
B) Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and amplification 
C) Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and amplification 
D) Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and amplification 
E) Initiation, amplification, polymerization, and membrane attack 
A) Amplification, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
B) Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and amplification 
C) Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and amplification 
D) Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and amplification 
E) Initiation, amplification, polymerization, and membrane attack E

Question 2

Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typically ______.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA or RNA 
B) lipids or lipoproteins 
C) proteins or glycoproteins 
D) polysaccharides 
A) DNA or RNA 
B) lipids or lipoproteins 
C) proteins or glycoproteins 
D) polysaccharides C

Question 3

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
B) Inflammation can last hours to years. 
C) Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
A) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
B) Inflammation can last hours to years. 
C) Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. E

Question 4

After loading wood into a fireplace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger.Within a short period of time, your finger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecific resistance 
B) specific resistance 
C) acquired immunity 
D) adaptive immunity 
A) nonspecific resistance 
B) specific resistance 
C) acquired immunity 
D) adaptive immunity

Question 5

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

Accepted Answer

A) It acts in a cascade reaction. 
B) It is composed of at least 20 blood proteins. 
C) It involves a classical pathway. 
D) It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen. 
E) It involves an alternate pathway. 
A) It acts in a cascade reaction. 
B) It is composed of at least 20 blood proteins. 
C) It involves a classical pathway. 
D) It only appears in the blood during a response to a pathogen. 
E) It involves an alternate pathway.

Question 6

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) monocytes 
D) basophils 
E) eosinophils 
A) neutrophils 
B) lymphocytes 
C) monocytes 
D) basophils 
E) eosinophils

Question 7

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They develop from undifferentiated stem cells. 
B) They include glial cells. 
C) They include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei. 
D) After birth, they are produced in red bone marrow sites. 
E) They include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes. 
A) They develop from undifferentiated stem cells. 
B) They include glial cells. 
C) They include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei. 
D) After birth, they are produced in red bone marrow sites. 
E) They include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes.

Question 8

The alternate complement pathway uses complement proteins C1, C2, and C4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) GALT 
B) the thymus 
C) lymph nodes 
D) tonsils 
E) the spleen 
A) GALT 
B) the thymus 
C) lymph nodes 
D) tonsils 
E) the spleen

Question 10

Components of the first line of defense include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. 
B) the flushing action of tears and blinking. 
C) nasal hairs. 
D) phagocytic white blood cells. 
E) the flushing action of urine. 
A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. 
B) the flushing action of tears and blinking. 
C) nasal hairs. 
D) phagocytic white blood cells. 
E) the flushing action of urine.

Question 11

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) lactic acid 
B) bile 
C) histamine 
D) hydrochloric acid 
E) lysozyme 
A) lactic acid 
B) bile 
C) histamine 
D) hydrochloric acid 
E) lysozyme

Question 12

All of the following are events of early inflammation except

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B) chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C) brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D) exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E) capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema. 
A) macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B) chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C) brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D) exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E) capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema.

Question 13

The granules of eosinophils contain ______.

Accepted Answer

A) peroxidase 
B) antigens 
C) histamine 
D) antibodies 
E) serotonin 
A) peroxidase 
B) antigens 
C) histamine 
D) antibodies 
E) serotonin

Question 14

Each of the following are benefits of fever except

Accepted Answer

A) it increases the availability of iron. 
B) it increases metabolism. 
C) it stimulates hematopoiesis. 
D) it increases phagocytosis. 
E) it reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply. 
A) it increases the availability of iron. 
B) it increases metabolism. 
C) it stimulates hematopoiesis. 
D) it increases phagocytosis. 
E) it reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply.

Question 15

Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes 
A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes

Question 18

Diapedesis is the

Accepted Answer

A) production of only red blood cells. 
B) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
C) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
D) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
E) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
A) production of only red blood cells. 
B) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
C) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
D) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
E) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging.

Question 19

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's specific immune system?

Accepted Answer

A) Monocytes 
B) Lymphocytes 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Eosinophils 
E) Basophils 
A) Monocytes 
B) Lymphocytes 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Eosinophils 
E) Basophils

Question 20

If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein C3, the likely consequence is

Accepted Answer

A) excessive fever development. 
B) enhanced inflammation. 
C) a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections. 
D) an inability to synthesize antibodies. 
A) excessive fever development. 
B) enhanced inflammation. 
C) a higher incidence of bacterial and viral infections. 
D) an inability to synthesize antibodies.

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typically ______.

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

After loading wood into a fireplace, you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger.Within a short period of time, your finger is painful, red, and swollen, and is warm to the touch.This is an example of ______.

Which of the following is incorrect about complement?

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ______.

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

The alternate complement pathway uses complement proteins C1, C2, and C4.

The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ______.

Components of the first line of defense include all of the following, except

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ______.

All of the following are events of early inflammation except

The granules of eosinophils contain ______.

Each of the following are benefits of fever except

Inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the immune system and are part of the body's third line of defense.

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Which white blood cells comprise 3-7% of circulating WBCs, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Diapedesis is the

Which white blood cells comprise 20% to 30% of the circulating WBCs and are the cells that function in the body's specific immune system?

If an individual has a genetic disorder whereby they lack the ability to make complement protein C3, the likely consequence is

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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