Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

A research laboratory that identifies the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ______ and ______.

Endospores are

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls

You apply the acid-fast stain method to a patient's specimen, an aspirate from the lungs.Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus-shaped bacteria in the smear.Which statement is true?

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.

The cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of ______.

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid.What is the identity of this structure?

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

The function of bacterial endospores is

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a coccobacillus morphology.When you examine the cells after culturing on a variety of differential media, you find that in some cases, the cells appear as coccobacillus, but in others, they can be filamentous, cocci, or club-shaped.The best explanation for this observation is that

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

E. coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals. Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures, you find that there are differences in some reactions. What is the best explanation of these differences?

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

Researchers studying the rigidity and flexibility of the cell envelope used chemotaxis to measure the ability of microbes to squeeze through tight spaces. E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, was able to traverse narrower channels than B. subtilis, a gram-positive microbe, even though both cells are the same size when grown without restriction. E. coli has the more flexible cell envelope because