Question 1

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-originate(s)at the trigger zone

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 2

The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  zinc. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  chloride. 
E)  zinc.

Question 3

The addition of several stimuli arriving from different locations on the same cell to produce an action potential is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addition of several stimuli arriving from...

Question 4

The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on an axon are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on...

Question 5

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  glycine. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  glutamate. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  glycine.

Question 6

Draw graphs showing the effects on action potentials in a postsynaptic cell of effective doses for each of the listed toxins.Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by the stimuli applied to its inputs,so that any abnormality is due to the toxin.
1.curare (prevents receptor from binding neurotransmitter)
2.botulinum toxin (prevents neurotransmitter release)

Accepted Answer

In both cases,action potential is preven

Question 7

During the relative refractory period,an initial threshold-level depolarization is usually not sufficient to trigger an action potential.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only some Na+ channels have returned to their resting position. 
B)  Only K+ channels are still open, so Na+ entry is offset by K+ loss. 
C)  Only a few K+ channels have returned to their resting position. 
D)  The statement is incorrect; a threshold-level depolarization always triggers an action potential. 
E)  Some Na+ channels have returned to their resting position and K+ channels are still open, so Na+ entry is offset by K+ loss. 
A)  Only some Na+ channels have returned to their resting position. 
B)  Only K+ channels are still open, so Na+ entry is offset by K+ loss. 
C)  Only a few K+ channels have returned to their resting position. 
D)  The statement is incorrect; a threshold-level depolarization always triggers an action potential. 
E)  Some Na+ channels have returned to their resting position and K+ channels are still open, so Na+ entry is offset by K+ loss.

Question 8

When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared,what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  inhibition of the impulse 
D)  hyperpolarization 
E)  decrease in speed of impulse transmission 
A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  inhibition of the impulse 
D)  hyperpolarization 
E)  decrease in speed of impulse transmission

Question 9

Graded potentials may

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate an action potential. 
B)  depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage. 
C)  hyperpolarize the membrane. 
D)  be called EPSPs or IPSPs. 
E)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  initiate an action potential. 
B)  depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage. 
C)  hyperpolarize the membrane. 
D)  be called EPSPs or IPSPs. 
E)  All of the statements are true.

Question 10

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-may be hyperpolarizing

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 11

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-can involve ion channels regulated by chemicals

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 12

Which is the correctly written Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

A)  61/z × log [ion]out / [ion]in 
B)  61/z × log [ion]in / [ion]out 
C)  log 61/z × [ion]in / [ion]out 
D)  log 61/z × [ion]out / [ion]in 
A)  61/z × log [ion]out / [ion]in 
B)  61/z × log [ion]in / [ion]out 
C)  log 61/z × [ion]in / [ion]out 
D)  log 61/z × [ion]out / [ion]in

Question 13

Name two ways a cell changes its membrane permeability to ions.(Hint: One way is relatively slow.)

Accepted Answer

1.opens or closes ex

Question 14

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-cells that create a selectively permeable epithelial layer to separate fluid compartments of the CNS

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 15

At a(n)________ synapse,a neurotransmitter is released to affect the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At a(n)________ synapse,a neurotransmitter is released to...

Question 16

Compare and contrast fast and slow synaptic potentials,including detailed mechanisms used and what kinds of cells they occur in.

Accepted Answer

Fast synaptic potentials begin quickly a

Question 17

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal,how are neurotransmitters affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  More molecules are released into the synapse. 
B)  Different molecules are released into the synapse. 
C)  Fewer molecules are released into the synapse. 
D)  There is no effect-all signals are identical. 
A)  More molecules are released into the synapse. 
B)  Different molecules are released into the synapse. 
C)  Fewer molecules are released into the synapse. 
D)  There is no effect-all signals are identical.

Question 18

In order to signal a stronger stimulus,action potentials become

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in amplitude only. 
B)  more frequent only. 
C)  longer-lasting only. 
D)  higher in amplitude and more frequent. 
E)  higher in amplitude and longer-lasting. 
A)  higher in amplitude only. 
B)  more frequent only. 
C)  longer-lasting only. 
D)  higher in amplitude and more frequent. 
E)  higher in amplitude and longer-lasting.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  synaptic cleft 
E)  synaptic bouton 
A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  synaptic cleft 
E)  synaptic bouton

Question 20

A ________ is a compound that influences a postsynaptic cell's response to a neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a compound that influences...

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -originate(s)at the trigger zone

The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

The addition of several stimuli arriving from different locations on the same cell to produce an action potential is called ________.

The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells on an axon are called ________.

The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

During the relative refractory period,an initial threshold-level depolarization is usually not sufficient to trigger an action potential.Why?

When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared,what occurs?

Graded potentials may

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -may be hyperpolarizing

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -can involve ion channels regulated by chemicals

Which is the correctly written Nernst equation?

Name two ways a cell changes its membrane permeability to ions.(Hint: One way is relatively slow.)

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -cells that create a selectively permeable epithelial layer to separate fluid compartments of the CNS

At a(n)________ synapse,a neurotransmitter is released to affect the postsynaptic cell.

Compare and contrast fast and slow synaptic potentials,including detailed mechanisms used and what kinds of cells they occur in.

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal,how are neurotransmitters affected?

In order to signal a stronger stimulus,action potentials become

Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

A ________ is a compound that influences a postsynaptic cell's response to a neurotransmitter.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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