Question 1

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-where most graded potentials originate

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 2

Explain the two reasons why graded potentials lose strength as they move through the cell.Why don't action potentials lose strength?

Accepted Answer

As a depolarization wave moves through t

Question 3

In the membrane of a resting nerve cell,when chemically gated Cl- channels open,

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl- ions enter the cell. 
B)  Cl- ions leave the cell. 
C)  the cell becomes depolarized. 
D)  Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized. 
E)  Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized. 
A)  Cl- ions enter the cell. 
B)  Cl- ions leave the cell. 
C)  the cell becomes depolarized. 
D)  Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized. 
E)  Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized.

Question 4

The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral. 
B)  hillock. 
C)  synapse. 
D)  nerve. 
E)  dendrites. 
A)  collateral. 
B)  hillock. 
C)  synapse. 
D)  nerve. 
E)  dendrites.

Question 5

If the sodium-potassium pumps in the cell membrane of a neuron fail to function,over time

Accepted Answer

A)  the extracellular concentration of potassium ion will increase. 
B)  the intracellular concentration of sodium ion will increase. 
C)  the membrane resting potential will become more positive than normal. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the extracellular concentration of potassium ion will increase. 
B)  the intracellular concentration of sodium ion will increase. 
C)  the membrane resting potential will become more positive than normal. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Which ion(s)is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  sodium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  More than one of the answers is correct. 
A)  potassium 
B)  sodium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  More than one of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Compare and contrast Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Accepted Answer

Both insulate axons by creating myelin.S

Question 8

Schwann cells are the primary type of glial cell associated with the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A damaged neuron has a better chance of survival and repair if the ________ is/are undamaged.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body 
B)  axon 
C)  dendrites 
D)  Schwann cells 
E)  axon and dendrites 
A)  cell body 
B)  axon 
C)  dendrites 
D)  Schwann cells 
E)  axon and dendrites

Question 10

Explain why the voltage-gated Na+ channels can close while the cell is depolarized even though the depolarization was the initial stimulus for the channel opening.Include a discussion on refractory periods and explain why action potentials travel in only one direction.

Accepted Answer

The channels have two gates: activation

Question 11

Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of ________ transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  fast 
B)  slow 
C)  Neither of these 
A)  fast 
B)  slow 
C)  Neither of these

Question 12

If an axon has an absolute refractory period of 2 msec,what is the maximum frequency of action potential (AP)production in that neuron?

Accepted Answer

X AP/2 msec × 1000 m

Question 13

The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential:
1)sodium channels are inactivated
2)more voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell,initiating repolarization
3)sodium channels regain their normal properties
4)a graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold
5)a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
6)sodium channel activation occurs
7)sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs
The proper sequence of these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1. 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3. 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1. 
A)  4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1. 
B)  4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3. 
C)  6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1.

Question 14

The time during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation regardless of the stimulus strength is the ________.

Accepted Answer

absolute r

Question 15

Explain the roles that the AMPA and NMDA receptors play in long-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

Both AMPA and NMDA receptors are located

Question 16

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once).
-contribute(s)most to membrane surface area of cell

Accepted Answer

A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia 
A) ependymal cells 
B) astrocytes 
C) satellite cells 
D) Schwann cells 
E) oligodendrocytes
F)microglia

Question 17

The potential difference across a membrane or other barrier is a measure of the ________ across the barrier.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The potential difference across a membrane or...

Question 18

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once).
-result(s)from influx of sodium

Accepted Answer

A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both 
A) graded potential 
B) action potential 
C) both

Question 19

The all-or-none principle states that

Accepted Answer

A)  all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. 
B)  all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude. 
C)  the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential. 
D)  only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. 
E)  only motor stimuli can activate action potentials. 
A)  all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. 
B)  all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude. 
C)  the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential. 
D)  only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. 
E)  only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

Question 20

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs )

Accepted Answer

A)  result in local depolarizations. 
B)  result in local hyperpolarizations. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  prevent the escape of potassium ions. 
E)  prevent the escape of calcium ions. 
A)  result in local depolarizations. 
B)  result in local hyperpolarizations. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  prevent the escape of potassium ions. 
E)  prevent the escape of calcium ions.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -where most graded potentials originate

Explain the two reasons why graded potentials lose strength as they move through the cell.Why don't action potentials lose strength?

In the membrane of a resting nerve cell,when chemically gated Cl- channels open,

The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the

If the sodium-potassium pumps in the cell membrane of a neuron fail to function,over time

Which ion(s)is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

Compare and contrast Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Schwann cells are the primary type of glial cell associated with the central nervous system.

A damaged neuron has a better chance of survival and repair if the ________ is/are undamaged.

Explain why the voltage-gated Na+ channels can close while the cell is depolarized even though the depolarization was the initial stimulus for the channel opening.Include a discussion on refractory periods and explain why action potentials travel in only one direction.

Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of ________ transport.

If an axon has an absolute refractory period of 2 msec,what is the maximum frequency of action potential (AP)production in that neuron?

The time during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation regardless of the stimulus strength is the ________.

Explain the roles that the AMPA and NMDA receptors play in long-term potentiation.

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once). -contribute(s)most to membrane surface area of cell

The potential difference across a membrane or other barrier is a measure of the ________ across the barrier.

Match the type of signal to its description (answers may be used more than once). -result(s)from influx of sodium

The all-or-none principle states that

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs )

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

In the membrane of a resting nerve cell,when chemically gated Cl^- channels open,

Explain why the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels can close while the cell is depolarized even though the depolarization was the initial stimulus for the channel opening.Include a discussion on refractory periods and explain why action potentials travel in only one direction.