Question 1

In general,the nervous system is composed of which two types of cells?
1)motor
2)neurons
3)sensory
4)glial
5)associative

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  3 and 4 
E)  3 and 5 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  3 and 4 
E)  3 and 5

Question 2

Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics,which is to

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only. 
B)  bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them only. 
C)  prevent depolarization by blocking Na+ entry into the cell only. 
D)  inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them. 
E)  bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking Na+ entry into the cell. 
A)  inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only. 
B)  bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them only. 
C)  prevent depolarization by blocking Na+ entry into the cell only. 
D)  inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them. 
E)  bind to Na+ channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking Na+ entry into the cell.

Question 3

The resting membrane potential results from

Accepted Answer

A)  uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only. 
B)  differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ only. 
C)  activity of the sodium/potassium pump only. 
D)  uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only. 
B)  differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ only. 
C)  activity of the sodium/potassium pump only. 
D)  uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s)of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA only 
B)  glycine only 
C)  glutamate only 
D)  GABA and glycine 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  GABA only 
B)  glycine only 
C)  glutamate only 
D)  GABA and glycine 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Products from the cell body of a neuron are transported to the axon terminals by ________.

Accepted Answer

(anterogra

Question 6

Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites only. 
B)  cell bodies only. 
C)  axons only. 
D)  dendrites and axons. 
E)  cell bodies and axons. 
A)  dendrites only. 
B)  cell bodies only. 
C)  axons only. 
D)  dendrites and axons. 
E)  cell bodies and axons.

Question 7

Draw a graph showing what would happen to resting membrane potential over time,if the sodium/potassium pump were not functioning.How would this affect a neuron's ability to produce action potentials? What does this imply about the quantity of ions that normally cross the membrane during the course of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It would be appropriate for the student

Question 8

When the neuron is at rest,which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activation gate is closed. 
B)  The inactivation gate is open. 
C)  No Na+ crosses the membrane is the only observation. 
D)  The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open. 
E)  The activation gate is closed and no Na+ crosses the membrane. 
A)  The activation gate is closed. 
B)  The inactivation gate is open. 
C)  No Na+ crosses the membrane is the only observation. 
D)  The activation gate is closed and the inactivation gate is open. 
E)  The activation gate is closed and no Na+ crosses the membrane.

Question 9

Explain the kiss-and-run model of synaptic vesicle exocytosis,and how it differs from the classic model.

Accepted Answer

With the kiss-and-run model the synaptic

Question 10

These CNS glial cells may be a source of treatment for neural degenerative disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells 
A)  Schwann cells 
B)  astrocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  oligodendrocytes 
E)  ependymal cells

Question 11

In a(n)________ synapse,there is a direct physical connection between cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a(n)________ synapse,there is a direct physical...

Question 12

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found.
-microglia

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system 
A) central nervous system 
B) peripheral nervous system

Question 13

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal,how is the postsynaptic cell affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotransmitter release increases, but does not change the graded potentials that follow. 
B)  Neurotransmitter release does not change, thus the postsynaptic cell behaves the same way it always behaves. 
C)  Neurotransmitter release increases, thereby increasing the frequency or magnitude of graded potentials in the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  Neurotransmitter release does not change, but voltages applied to the postsynaptic cell increase. 
A)  Neurotransmitter release increases, but does not change the graded potentials that follow. 
B)  Neurotransmitter release does not change, thus the postsynaptic cell behaves the same way it always behaves. 
C)  Neurotransmitter release increases, thereby increasing the frequency or magnitude of graded potentials in the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  Neurotransmitter release does not change, but voltages applied to the postsynaptic cell increase.

Question 14

If the resting axon's membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions,

Accepted Answer

A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged. 
B)  the membrane will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential. 
D)  the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur. 
A)  the inside of the membrane will become more positively charged. 
B)  the membrane will depolarize more rapidly. 
C)  it will take a stimulus of larger magnitude to initiate an action potential. 
D)  the hyperpolarization at the end of the action potential will not occur.

Question 15

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia. 
B)  neuroglia. 
C)  glia. 
D)  ganglia. 
E)  nodes. 
A)  microglia. 
B)  neuroglia. 
C)  glia. 
D)  ganglia. 
E)  nodes.

Question 16

The sodium-potassium exchange pump

Accepted Answer

A)  must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B)  transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C)  transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D)  moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 
E)  requires ATP to function. 
A)  must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B)  transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C)  transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D)  moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 
E)  requires ATP to function.

Question 17

Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons are called ________ if they make that cell less likely to fire.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons...

Question 18

Arrange the following events in the proper sequence:
1)Efferent neuron reaches threshold and fires an action potential.
2)Afferent neuron reaches threshold and fires an action potential.
3)Effector organ responds by performing output.
4)Integrating center reaches decision about response.
5)Sensory organ detects change in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
B)  5, 2, 4, 1, 3 
C)  5, 1, 4, 2, 3 
D)  5, 3, 4, 2, 1 
E)  3, 1, 4, 2, 5 
A)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
B)  5, 2, 4, 1, 3 
C)  5, 1, 4, 2, 3 
D)  5, 3, 4, 2, 1 
E)  3, 1, 4, 2, 5

Question 19

Tom's father suffers a stroke that leaves him partially paralyzed on his right side.What type of glial cell would you expect to find in increased numbers in the damaged area of the brain that is affected by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)  Schwann cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  microglia 
A)  astrocytes 
B)  Schwann cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  microglia

Question 20

Learning and memory are thought to be due to a synaptic phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition. 
B)  excitation. 
C)  modulation. 
D)  facilitation. 
E)  long-term potentiation. 
A)  inhibition. 
B)  excitation. 
C)  modulation. 
D)  facilitation. 
E)  long-term potentiation.

Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

In general,the nervous system is composed of which two types of cells? 1)motor 2)neurons 3)sensory 4)glial 5)associative

Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics,which is to

The resting membrane potential results from

Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s)of the CNS?

Products from the cell body of a neuron are transported to the axon terminals by ________.

Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of

When the neuron is at rest,which statement is true?

Explain the kiss-and-run model of synaptic vesicle exocytosis,and how it differs from the classic model.

These CNS glial cells may be a source of treatment for neural degenerative disorders.

In a(n)________ synapse,there is a direct physical connection between cells.

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found. -microglia

When more action potentials arrive at the axon terminal,how is the postsynaptic cell affected?

If the resting axon's membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions,

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called

The sodium-potassium exchange pump

Graded potentials that arrive at postsynaptic neurons are called ________ if they make that cell less likely to fire.

Tom's father suffers a stroke that leaves him partially paralyzed on his right side.What type of glial cell would you expect to find in increased numbers in the damaged area of the brain that is affected by the stroke?

Learning and memory are thought to be due to a synaptic phenomenon known as

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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