Question 1

Plasmids that have genes for pili and can transfer copies of themselves to other bacteria during conjugation are called __________ plasmids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plasmids that have genes for pili and...

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

A) It is carried out by temperate phage. 
B) It is restricted to those genes on either side of an integrated prophage. 
C) The phage genome retains the full complement of phage genes. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) It is carried out by temperate phage. 
B) It is restricted to those genes on either side of an integrated prophage. 
C) The phage genome retains the full complement of phage genes. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

Conjugative transposons

Accepted Answer

A) can be transferred from one bacterium to another by a phage mediated process. 
B) may be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. 
C) often express enzymes that degrade aromatic compounds. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) can be transferred from one bacterium to another by a phage mediated process. 
B) may be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. 
C) often express enzymes that degrade aromatic compounds. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Which type of medium support growth of mutant bacteria that are threonine auxotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) Threonine auxotrophs only grow on media that is supplemented with threonine. 
B) Threonine auxotrophs only grow on media that lacks threonine. 
C) Since threonine is essential for growth,threonine auxotrophs do not grow on any type of media. 
D) Since threonine is essential for growth,threonine auxotrophs can grow on any type of media. 
A) Threonine auxotrophs only grow on media that is supplemented with threonine. 
B) Threonine auxotrophs only grow on media that lacks threonine. 
C) Since threonine is essential for growth,threonine auxotrophs do not grow on any type of media. 
D) Since threonine is essential for growth,threonine auxotrophs can grow on any type of media.

Question 5

Which procedure is most associated with unsuccessful transformation and degradation of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Naturally-occurring transformation with DNA fragments in competent bacteria. 
B) Induced transformation with plasmid DNA in noncompetent bacteria. 
C) Integration of DNA fragments in competent bacteria following naturally-occurring transformation. 
D) Addition of DNA fragments from competent bacteria to live,noncompetent bacteria without artificial induction. 
A) Naturally-occurring transformation with DNA fragments in competent bacteria. 
B) Induced transformation with plasmid DNA in noncompetent bacteria. 
C) Integration of DNA fragments in competent bacteria following naturally-occurring transformation. 
D) Addition of DNA fragments from competent bacteria to live,noncompetent bacteria without artificial induction.

Question 6

Acridine orange is a purine base analogue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

After an F+ * F- mating,the donor is __________ and the recipient is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) F+; F- 
B) F-; F+ 
C) F-; F- 
D) F+; F+ 
A) F+; F- 
B) F-; F+ 
C) F-; F- 
D) F+; F+

Question 8

Which of the following effects may be mediated by transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A) A mutation may result from insertion into a gene. 
B) Activation of nearby genes may occur. 
C) Genetic deletions may form. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) A mutation may result from insertion into a gene. 
B) Activation of nearby genes may occur. 
C) Genetic deletions may form. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following methods of genetic recombination is common to both eukaryotic and bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Vertical gene transfer 
B) Crossing over 
C) Gamete fusion 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Vertical gene transfer 
B) Crossing over 
C) Gamete fusion 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

When bacterial genes are transferred to another bacterium by a virus,it is called

Accepted Answer

A) conjugation. 
B) transformation. 
C) transduction. 
D) transfection. 
A) conjugation. 
B) transformation. 
C) transduction. 
D) transfection.

Question 11

Which statement best summarizes the major distinction between horizontal gene transfer and vertical gene transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) The recipient of genes in horizontal transfer is a mature cell,whereas the recipient of genes in vertical transfer is a progeny cell. 
B) Horizontal transfer is observed in bacteria and archaea,whereas vertical transfer is observed in all cells. 
C) Organisms that use horizontal transfer can only reproduce asexually,whereas organisms that use vertical transfer can reproduce sexually or asexually. 
D) Genes are more stable in recipient cells following horizontal transfer that in those following vertical transfer. 
A) The recipient of genes in horizontal transfer is a mature cell,whereas the recipient of genes in vertical transfer is a progeny cell. 
B) Horizontal transfer is observed in bacteria and archaea,whereas vertical transfer is observed in all cells. 
C) Organisms that use horizontal transfer can only reproduce asexually,whereas organisms that use vertical transfer can reproduce sexually or asexually. 
D) Genes are more stable in recipient cells following horizontal transfer that in those following vertical transfer.

Question 12

Lethal mutations can be recovered in haploid organisms if they are

Accepted Answer

A) dominant. 
B) active. 
C) conditional. 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) dominant. 
B) active. 
C) conditional. 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

When an F' plasmid acts as the donor in a mating,which of the following do(es)not happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The recipient becomes F'. 
B) The plasmid is transferred,including the chromosomal genes now on the plasmid. 
C) Some chromosomal genes not on the plasmid are transferred. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) The recipient becomes F'. 
B) The plasmid is transferred,including the chromosomal genes now on the plasmid. 
C) Some chromosomal genes not on the plasmid are transferred. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Transposons that insert at a new location while a copy remains at the original location are said to mediate _______________ transposition.

Accepted Answer

A) simple 
B) composite 
C) incomplete 
D) replicative 
A) simple 
B) composite 
C) incomplete 
D) replicative

Question 15

What would be the hypothetical outcome if the action of RecA were inhibited during the SOS response?

Accepted Answer

A) LexA would not autolyse,and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would not occur. 
B) LexA would autolyse,and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would occur. 
C) LexA would autolyse,and therefore the transcription of repair genes would not occur. 
D) LexA would not autolyse,and therefore the transcription of repair genes would occur. 
A) LexA would not autolyse,and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would not occur. 
B) LexA would autolyse,and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would occur. 
C) LexA would autolyse,and therefore the transcription of repair genes would not occur. 
D) LexA would not autolyse,and therefore the transcription of repair genes would occur.

Question 16

All of the following are appropriate strategies for overcoming drug resistance in bacteria except

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the use of antibiotics in agriculture. 
B) patient compliance with dosage instructions when taking antibiotics. 
C) heightened infection control in health care facilities. 
D) prudent use of antibiotics when treating viral infections. 
A) decreasing the use of antibiotics in agriculture. 
B) patient compliance with dosage instructions when taking antibiotics. 
C) heightened infection control in health care facilities. 
D) prudent use of antibiotics when treating viral infections.

Question 17

Repair of an apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by AP endonuclease must be completed by the action of

Accepted Answer

A) UvrABC endonuclease. 
B) RecA protein. 
C) DNA polymerase I. 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) UvrABC endonuclease. 
B) RecA protein. 
C) DNA polymerase I. 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 18

If you wished to study the SOS response in Escherichia coli,which of the following experimental procedures could be used?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the choices are correct. 
B) Expose cells to nonionizing radiation for 20 minutes. 
C) Expose cells to ionizing radiation for 10 minutes. 
D) Transfer log phase cells from complete medium to thymine minimal medium. 
E) Inactivate genes that encode DNA polymerases. 
A) All of the choices are correct. 
B) Expose cells to nonionizing radiation for 20 minutes. 
C) Expose cells to ionizing radiation for 10 minutes. 
D) Transfer log phase cells from complete medium to thymine minimal medium. 
E) Inactivate genes that encode DNA polymerases.

Question 19

The genome of a recipient cell is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) merozygote 
B) exogenote 
C) endogenote 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) merozygote 
B) exogenote 
C) endogenote 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

SOS repair

Accepted Answer

A) requires RecA protein. 
B) is inducible by DNA damage. 
C) is error prone,i.e.,produces mutations. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) requires RecA protein. 
B) is inducible by DNA damage. 
C) is error prone,i.e.,produces mutations. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 16: Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Plasmids that have genes for pili and can transfer copies of themselves to other bacteria during conjugation are called __________ plasmids.

Which of the following is not true of specialized transduction?

Conjugative transposons

Which type of medium support growth of mutant bacteria that are threonine auxotrophs?

Which procedure is most associated with unsuccessful transformation and degradation of DNA?

Acridine orange is a purine base analogue.

After an F+ * F- mating,the donor is __________ and the recipient is __________.

Which of the following effects may be mediated by transposable elements?

Which of the following methods of genetic recombination is common to both eukaryotic and bacterial cells?

When bacterial genes are transferred to another bacterium by a virus,it is called

Which statement best summarizes the major distinction between horizontal gene transfer and vertical gene transfer?

Lethal mutations can be recovered in haploid organisms if they are

When an F' plasmid acts as the donor in a mating,which of the following do(es)not happen?

Transposons that insert at a new location while a copy remains at the original location are said to mediate _______________ transposition.

What would be the hypothetical outcome if the action of RecA were inhibited during the SOS response?

All of the following are appropriate strategies for overcoming drug resistance in bacteria except

Repair of an apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by AP endonuclease must be completed by the action of

If you wished to study the SOS response in Escherichia coli,which of the following experimental procedures could be used?

The genome of a recipient cell is called a(n)__________.

SOS repair

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microscopy

Bacterial Cell Structure

Archaeal Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Recombinant DNA Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

Archaea

The Deinococci, Mollicutes, and Nonproteobacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria

The Proteobacteria

Firmicutes: The Low G-C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Actinobacteria: the High G-C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Protists

Fungi Eumycota

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Biogeochemical Cycling and Global Climate Change

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

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Microbial Interactions

Innate Host Resistance

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Pathogenicity and Infection

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

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Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

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After an F⁺ * F^- mating,the donor is and the recipient is .