Question 1

Viruses with _____-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation,while viruses with _____-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; negative 
B)  negative; positive 
C)  primary; secondary 
D)  secondary; primary 
E)  intermediate; primary 
A)  positive; negative 
B)  negative; positive 
C)  primary; secondary 
D)  secondary; primary 
E)  intermediate; primary

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA 
B)  Decreased growth rate 
C)  Alterations in chromosomes 
D)  Changes in cell surface molecules 
E)  Capacity to divide indefinitely 
A)  Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA 
B)  Decreased growth rate 
C)  Alterations in chromosomes 
D)  Changes in cell surface molecules 
E)  Capacity to divide indefinitely

Question 3

Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.

Accepted Answer

A)  Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease. 
B)  Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use. 
C)  Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity. 
D)  The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of antibiotic resistance seen today. 
A)  Antiviral drug treatment is more effective than vaccination against a viral disease. 
B)  Effective antiviral drugs have a long history of development and use. 
C)  Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity. 
D)  The development of antiviral drug resistance has not been observed, as compared to the high rate of antibiotic resistance seen today.

Question 4

A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses to eliminate bacterial infections.Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action behind this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death. 
B)  Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes. The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the bacteria to not replicate viruses. 
C)  The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of viruses for particular bacterial species. 
D)  Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial. 
A)  A wide variety of bacteria cause a large percentage of human infections, producing much sickness and death. 
B)  Viruses can infect bacteria, transferring pathogenic genes. The viral genes can then be suppressed, causing the bacteria to not replicate viruses. 
C)  The attachment structures on the virus and the receptors on the host cells make for exquisite specificity of viruses for particular bacterial species. 
D)  Antibiotic resistance in humans is on the increase, so using a different kind of therapy is more beneficial.

Question 5

Which of the following represents a virus family name?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpes simplex virus 
B)  Herpesviridae 
C)  Picornavirus 
D)  Enterovirus 
E)  Hepatitis B virus 
A)  Herpes simplex virus 
B)  Herpesviridae 
C)  Picornavirus 
D)  Enterovirus 
E)  Hepatitis B virus

Question 6

You are working in a laboratory that is studying a newly isolated virus.Your job is to culture the virus using in vitro methods.Upon observing your inoculated tissue culture specimen one day,you notice clumps of cells growing on top of the original monolayer of cells.Microscopic analysis of stained cells from the culture reveal an alteration in host cell membrane protein content and chromosomal structure.Based upon this information,you hypothesize that the virus you are studying is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacteriophage 
B)  a prion 
C)  a viroid 
D)  an oncovirus 
E)  a satellite virus 
A)  a bacteriophage 
B)  a prion 
C)  a viroid 
D)  an oncovirus 
E)  a satellite virus

Question 7

When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage,it is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  lysogenic conversion 
C)  viral persistence 
D)  transcription 
E)  translation 
A)  transformation 
B)  lysogenic conversion 
C)  viral persistence 
D)  transcription 
E)  translation

Question 8

Why do some animal viruses have an external envelope,while bacteriophages never do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some animal viruses bud out, taking part of the plasma membrane with them, whereas phages always lyse the host bacterial cell when they exit. 
B)  When bacteriophages bud out, the plasma membrane is beneath the cell wall and therefore cannot be removed. 
C)  When animal cells are lysed, part of the plasma membrane attaches to the virus; in bacterial cells, it is covered by the cell wall. 
D)  When phages bud out of the host bacterial cell, they take with them part of the cell wall which forms the capsid, not an envelope. 
A)  Some animal viruses bud out, taking part of the plasma membrane with them, whereas phages always lyse the host bacterial cell when they exit. 
B)  When bacteriophages bud out, the plasma membrane is beneath the cell wall and therefore cannot be removed. 
C)  When animal cells are lysed, part of the plasma membrane attaches to the virus; in bacterial cells, it is covered by the cell wall. 
D)  When phages bud out of the host bacterial cell, they take with them part of the cell wall which forms the capsid, not an envelope.

Question 9

In order to synthesize proteins,a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded negative-sense RNA

Accepted Answer

A)  can directly translate its negative-sense RNA strand into proteins. 
B)  must use reverse transcriptase to make a negative-sense DNA strand first. 
C)  must use DNA polymerase to make a positive-sense DNA strand first. 
D)  must use its negative-sense strand as a template to make a positive-sense RNA. 
A)  can directly translate its negative-sense RNA strand into proteins. 
B)  must use reverse transcriptase to make a negative-sense DNA strand first. 
C)  must use DNA polymerase to make a positive-sense DNA strand first. 
D)  must use its negative-sense strand as a template to make a positive-sense RNA.

Question 10

In general,most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____,while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus; cytoplasm 
B)  cytoplasm; cell membrane 
C)  cell membrane; cytoplasm 
D)  cytoplasm; nucleus 
E)  nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  nucleus; cytoplasm 
B)  cytoplasm; cell membrane 
C)  cell membrane; cytoplasm 
D)  cytoplasm; nucleus 
E)  nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Viruses are simple,noncellular,and lack mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Viruses ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be seen in a light microscope 
B)  are prokaryotic 
C)  contain 70S ribosomes 
D)  undergo binary fission 
A)  cannot be seen in a light microscope 
B)  are prokaryotic 
C)  contain 70S ribosomes 
D)  undergo binary fission

Question 13

New,nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis 
B)  budding 
C)  exocytosis 
D)  both lysis and budding 
E)  both budding and exocytosis 
A)  lysis 
B)  budding 
C)  exocytosis 
D)  both lysis and budding 
E)  both budding and exocytosis

Question 14

A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsomere 
B)  capsid 
C)  spike 
D)  envelope 
E)  monolayer 
A)  capsomere 
B)  capsid 
C)  spike 
D)  envelope 
E)  monolayer

Question 15

Viruses are considered ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Viruses are not filterable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Uncoating of viral nucleic acid

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication. 
B)  involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid. 
C)  occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle. 
D)  occurs before replication. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication. 
B)  involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid. 
C)  occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle. 
D)  occurs before replication. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Infectious protein particles are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  viroids 
B)  phages 
C)  prions 
D)  oncogenic viruses 
E)  spikes 
A)  viroids 
B)  phages 
C)  prions 
D)  oncogenic viruses 
E)  spikes

Question 19

Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete,opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  patches 
B)  buds 
C)  plaques 
D)  cytopathic effects 
E)  pocks 
A)  patches 
B)  buds 
C)  plaques 
D)  cytopathic effects 
E)  pocks

Question 20

Two noncellular agents,smaller than viruses,are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prions; capsomeres 
B)  virions; prions 
C)  viroids; phages 
D)  prions; phages 
E)  prions; viroids 
A)  prions; capsomeres 
B)  virions; prions 
C)  viroids; phages 
D)  prions; phages 
E)  prions; viroids

Exam 6: An Introduction to the Viruses

Viruses with _____-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation,while viruses with _____-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell?

Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today.

A treatment for bacterial infections from the early 20th century has made a comeback; the use of bacterial viruses to eliminate bacterial infections.Which explanation most accurately describes the mechanism of action behind this treatment?

Which of the following represents a virus family name?

When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage,it is called ______.

Why do some animal viruses have an external envelope,while bacteriophages never do?

In order to synthesize proteins,a virus with a genome comprised of single-stranded negative-sense RNA

In general,most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____,while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____.

Viruses are simple,noncellular,and lack mRNA.

Viruses ______.

New,nonenveloped virus release occurs by ______.

A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.

Viruses are considered ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm.

Viruses are not filterable.

Uncoating of viral nucleic acid

Infectious protein particles are called ______.

Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete,opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called ______.

Two noncellular agents,smaller than viruses,are infectious proteins called _____ and infectious RNA strands called _____.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Viruses with _-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation,while viruses with _-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.

In general,most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _,while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _.

Two noncellular agents,smaller than viruses,are infectious proteins called _ and infectious RNA strands called _.