Question 1

Enhancers can be identified by

Accepted Answer

A) cloning a region of DNA with the putative enhancer in a reporter plasmid and demonstrating an increase in gene expression when the construct is introduced into a eukaryotic cell.. 
B) sequence comparison with promoter sequences that are already known. 
C) introducing two seperate pieces of DNA into a eukaryotic cell.One is a fragment of DNA with the putative enhancer and the other is a plasmid that contains a reporter gene. 
D) cloning the putative enhancer into a plasmid and measuring the level of reporter gene expression in a prokaryotic cell. 
A) cloning a region of DNA with the putative enhancer in a reporter plasmid and demonstrating an increase in gene expression when the construct is introduced into a eukaryotic cell.. 
B) sequence comparison with promoter sequences that are already known. 
C) introducing two seperate pieces of DNA into a eukaryotic cell.One is a fragment of DNA with the putative enhancer and the other is a plasmid that contains a reporter gene. 
D) cloning the putative enhancer into a plasmid and measuring the level of reporter gene expression in a prokaryotic cell. A

Question 2

In regards to Dropsophila sex determination how does the number of X chromosomes affect the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The SxI promoter is responsive to levels of transcription factors produced from genes on the X chrpomosome. 
B) The SxI promoter is responsive to levels of transcription factors produced from genes on the Y chrpomosome. 
C) The X chromosome produces a single transcription factor that results in a male if at a low concentration and a female in a high concentration 
D) The SxI promoter is repressed by levels of transcription factors thata re produced from genes on the X chromosome. 
A) The SxI promoter is responsive to levels of transcription factors produced from genes on the X chrpomosome. 
B) The SxI promoter is responsive to levels of transcription factors produced from genes on the Y chrpomosome. 
C) The X chromosome produces a single transcription factor that results in a male if at a low concentration and a female in a high concentration 
D) The SxI promoter is repressed by levels of transcription factors thata re produced from genes on the X chromosome. A

Question 3

Which small RNA is involved in the silencing of transposable element transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) miRNA 
B) siRNA 
C) Piwi 
D) tRNA 
A) miRNA 
B) siRNA 
C) Piwi 
D) tRNA C

Question 4

What is the relationship between methylation and genomic imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) Differential methylation of alleles in males and females resuilts in only one of the parental alleles being transcriptionally active in the offspring. 
B) Methylation of alleles silences the alleles from both parents, no alleles are transcriptionally active. 
C) Reversible methylation in the males alleles results in the males alleles only being expressed late in development. 
D) Reversible methylation in the females alleles results in the females alleles only being expressed late in development. 
A) Differential methylation of alleles in males and females resuilts in only one of the parental alleles being transcriptionally active in the offspring. 
B) Methylation of alleles silences the alleles from both parents, no alleles are transcriptionally active. 
C) Reversible methylation in the males alleles results in the males alleles only being expressed late in development. 
D) Reversible methylation in the females alleles results in the females alleles only being expressed late in development.

Question 5

DNA sequences that serve as binding sites for proteins regulating transcription and are often found adjacent to a gene are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) cross-reacting. 
B) cis-acting. 
C) trans-acting. 
D) origins of transcription. 
E) transcription factors. 
A) cross-reacting. 
B) cis-acting. 
C) trans-acting. 
D) origins of transcription. 
E) transcription factors.

Question 6

Recessive mutations in the sxl gene in Drosophila are lethal in XX females because

Accepted Answer

A) sxl functions as a repressor of a male-specific dosage-compensation gene. 
B) recessive mutations indicate an increase in sxl activity. 
C) these mutations are the result of a loss of both X chromosomes. 
D) sxl is required for transcription of male-specific genes. 
E) recessive mutations are always lethal. 
A) sxl functions as a repressor of a male-specific dosage-compensation gene. 
B) recessive mutations indicate an increase in sxl activity. 
C) these mutations are the result of a loss of both X chromosomes. 
D) sxl is required for transcription of male-specific genes. 
E) recessive mutations are always lethal.

Question 7

Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is similar in that

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptional machinery controls compaction and decompaction of chromatin. 
B) the mRNA produced can undergo alternative splicing. 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins have identical affinities for DNA. 
D) both are contained within the cell nucleus. 
E) both are regulated by attachment of proteins to DNA adjacent to the gene being transcribed. 
A) transcriptional machinery controls compaction and decompaction of chromatin. 
B) the mRNA produced can undergo alternative splicing. 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins have identical affinities for DNA. 
D) both are contained within the cell nucleus. 
E) both are regulated by attachment of proteins to DNA adjacent to the gene being transcribed.

Question 8

What does RNA polymerase I synthesize?

Accepted Answer

A) dsRNA 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) snRNA 
E) rRNA 
A) dsRNA 
B) mRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) snRNA 
E) rRNA

Question 9

What is name of the motifs that function to promote the DNA-binding activity of many transcriptional activator proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) ABP 
B) Zinc finger 
C) Basolateral 
D) Leucine zipper 
E) Medial cleft 
A) ABP 
B) Zinc finger 
C) Basolateral 
D) Leucine zipper 
E) Medial cleft

Question 10

Zinc-finger peptide motifs are responsible for what aspect of protein function?

Accepted Answer

A) Kinase activity 
B) DNA binding 
C) mRNA splicing 
D) DNA replication 
A) Kinase activity 
B) DNA binding 
C) mRNA splicing 
D) DNA replication

Question 11

Hypercondensation of heterochromatin results in

Accepted Answer

A) hyperactivation of transcription. 
B) suppression of progression through metaphase. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) transcriptional silencing. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) hyperactivation of transcription. 
B) suppression of progression through metaphase. 
C) DNA replication. 
D) transcriptional silencing. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 12

Insulators act to

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with the action of enhancer-activator complexes with specific promoters. 
B) remodel chromatin structure. 
C) bind with repressors. 
D) bind with transcription factors that are activators. 
A) interfere with the action of enhancer-activator complexes with specific promoters. 
B) remodel chromatin structure. 
C) bind with repressors. 
D) bind with transcription factors that are activators.

Question 13

Trans-acting proteins that influence transcription are commonly referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerases. 
B) tumor suppressors. 
C) enhancers. 
D) transcription factors. 
E) promoter elements. 
A) DNA polymerases. 
B) tumor suppressors. 
C) enhancers. 
D) transcription factors. 
E) promoter elements.

Question 14

What is the term for the repeating structural unit of chromatin, consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA and associated histone proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcriptosome 
B) Regulosome 
C) Nucleosome 
D) Enhanceosome 
A) Transcriptosome 
B) Regulosome 
C) Nucleosome 
D) Enhanceosome

Question 15

A variation that does not involve a change in DNA sequence but can be passed from one generation to another is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) enhancer trap. 
B) replication origin. 
C) Mendelian enhancer. 
D) mutant chromosome. 
E) epigenetic phenomenon. 
A) enhancer trap. 
B) replication origin. 
C) Mendelian enhancer. 
D) mutant chromosome. 
E) epigenetic phenomenon.

Question 16

In generating a reporter construct to study gene regulation, the reporter gene introduced replaces

Accepted Answer

A) $\beta$-galactosidase. 
B) a random region of DNA. 
C) the cis-acting regulatory DNA sequence. 
D) X-gal. 
E) the coding region of the gene being studied. 
A) $\beta$-galactosidase. 
B) a random region of DNA. 
C) the cis-acting regulatory DNA sequence. 
D) X-gal. 
E) the coding region of the gene being studied.

Question 17

The association of DNA with histones to form chromatin affects transcription by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing basal transcription rates. 
B) decreasing basal transcription rates. 
C) increasing transcription of a few genes, while not influencing most others. 
D) decreasing transcription of a few genes, while not influencing most others. 
E) increasing transcription of some genes and decreasing transcription of others. 
A) increasing basal transcription rates. 
B) decreasing basal transcription rates. 
C) increasing transcription of a few genes, while not influencing most others. 
D) decreasing transcription of a few genes, while not influencing most others. 
E) increasing transcription of some genes and decreasing transcription of others.

Question 18

How can one primary mRNA result in several polypeptrides with differnt amino acid sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) Alternative splicing of exons and introns. 
B) Post-translational modification such as phosphorylation. 
C) Pre-translational modification such as phosphorylation. 
D) Modification of the mature mRNA by phosphorylation 
A) Alternative splicing of exons and introns. 
B) Post-translational modification such as phosphorylation. 
C) Pre-translational modification such as phosphorylation. 
D) Modification of the mature mRNA by phosphorylation

Question 19

What is the name of the cis-acting DNA sequence that serves as the binding site for the transcriptional initiation complex?

Accepted Answer

A) Promoter 
B) Terminator 
C) Enhancer 
D) Regulator 
A) Promoter 
B) Terminator 
C) Enhancer 
D) Regulator

Question 20

What is the term for transcription factors that decrease transcriptional activity by associating with specific enhancer elements or activator proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Deregulators 
B) Depleters 
C) Regulators 
D) Repressors 
E) TBPs 
A) Deregulators 
B) Depleters 
C) Regulators 
D) Repressors 
E) TBPs

Exam 16: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Enhancers can be identified by

In regards to Dropsophila sex determination how does the number of X chromosomes affect the cell?

Which small RNA is involved in the silencing of transposable element transcription?

What is the relationship between methylation and genomic imprinting?

DNA sequences that serve as binding sites for proteins regulating transcription and are often found adjacent to a gene are said to be

Recessive mutations in the sxl gene in Drosophila are lethal in XX females because

Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is similar in that

What does RNA polymerase I synthesize?

What is name of the motifs that function to promote the DNA-binding activity of many transcriptional activator proteins?

Zinc-finger peptide motifs are responsible for what aspect of protein function?

Hypercondensation of heterochromatin results in

Insulators act to

Trans-acting proteins that influence transcription are commonly referred to as

What is the term for the repeating structural unit of chromatin, consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA and associated histone proteins?

A variation that does not involve a change in DNA sequence but can be passed from one generation to another is a(n)

In generating a reporter construct to study gene regulation, the reporter gene introduced replaces

The association of DNA with histones to form chromatin affects transcription by

How can one primary mRNA result in several polypeptrides with differnt amino acid sequences?

What is the name of the cis-acting DNA sequence that serves as the binding site for the transcriptional initiation complex?

What is the term for transcription factors that decrease transcriptional activity by associating with specific enhancer elements or activator proteins?

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

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