Question 1

Which type of DNA sequences might be studied to help determine the identity of a particular variety of a cultivated crop?

Accepted Answer

A) mtDNA sequences 
B) cpDNA sequences 
C) Y-chromosome sequences 
D) highly conserved nuclear sequences 
A) mtDNA sequences 
B) cpDNA sequences 
C) Y-chromosome sequences 
D) highly conserved nuclear sequences B

Question 2

Which type of DNA sequences might be studied to help reunite displaced children with their families?

Accepted Answer

A) mtDNA sequences 
B) cpDNA sequences 
C) Y-chromosome sequences 
D) highly conserved nuclear sequences 
A) mtDNA sequences 
B) cpDNA sequences 
C) Y-chromosome sequences 
D) highly conserved nuclear sequences A

Question 3

Which of the following has been associated with Alzheimer's Disease?

Accepted Answer

A) loss of mitochondria 
B) 5kb and 7.4kb deletions in mtDNA of heart cells 
C) mutations in cytochrome oxidase c genes in brain cells 
D) No change in mitochondrial functiont. 
A) loss of mitochondria 
B) 5kb and 7.4kb deletions in mtDNA of heart cells 
C) mutations in cytochrome oxidase c genes in brain cells 
D) No change in mitochondrial functiont. C

Question 4

When eukaryotic cells are stained with DNA-specific dyes and viewed under the light microscope, DNA molecules are revealed in

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleus. 
B) the matrix of the mitochondrion. 
C) the stroma of chloroplasts. 
D) all these places: nucleus, mitochondrion, and chloroplast. 
A) the nucleus. 
B) the matrix of the mitochondrion. 
C) the stroma of chloroplasts. 
D) all these places: nucleus, mitochondrion, and chloroplast.

Question 5

cpDNA-encoded proteins include

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase. 
B) RNA polymerase and translation factors. 
C) RNA polymerase, translation factors, and ribosomal proteins. 
D) NADH dehydrogenase 
A) RNA polymerase. 
B) RNA polymerase and translation factors. 
C) RNA polymerase, translation factors, and ribosomal proteins. 
D) NADH dehydrogenase

Question 6

Inhibitors of bacterial translation, such as chloramphenicol and erythromycin, generally

Accepted Answer

A) are inhibitors of eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis. 
B) are inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis. 
C) have no effect on mitochondrial protein synthesis. 
D) are inhibitors of eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis and have no effect on mitochondrial protein synthesis. 
A) are inhibitors of eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis. 
B) are inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis. 
C) have no effect on mitochondrial protein synthesis. 
D) are inhibitors of eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis and have no effect on mitochondrial protein synthesis.

Question 7

A homoplasmic cell carries

Accepted Answer

A) a mixture of organelle genomes. 
B) only one type of organelle DNA. 
C) only one mitochondrion. 
D) two identical nuclei. 
A) a mixture of organelle genomes. 
B) only one type of organelle DNA. 
C) only one mitochondrion. 
D) two identical nuclei.

Question 8

What would be the prediction if nucleii but no cytoplasm was exchanged between the cells of two species that were not closley related?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria would cease functioning after a period of time. 
B) Mitochondria would continue to function normally for several generations. 
C) Accelerated gene transfer would occur between the nuclear and mitochondrail genomes. 
D) Gene transfer between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes would be suppressed. 
A) Mitochondria would cease functioning after a period of time. 
B) Mitochondria would continue to function normally for several generations. 
C) Accelerated gene transfer would occur between the nuclear and mitochondrail genomes. 
D) Gene transfer between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes would be suppressed.

Question 9

Comparison of mitochondrial RNA with the genome sequence of mitochondria demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) at least some of the RNA had insertions and deletions of uracil residues 
B) there are no differences in the sequences of the RNA compared to the genomic DNA from which it was transcribed. 
C) the proteins necessary for translation are coded for in the mitochondrial genome. 
D) translation is initiated in mitochondria using only the AUG codon. 
A) at least some of the RNA had insertions and deletions of uracil residues 
B) there are no differences in the sequences of the RNA compared to the genomic DNA from which it was transcribed. 
C) the proteins necessary for translation are coded for in the mitochondrial genome. 
D) translation is initiated in mitochondria using only the AUG codon.

Question 10

Oocyte transfer could be used to

Accepted Answer

A) allow women with mitochondrial diseases to have normal offspring. 
B) allow women with any genetic disease to have normal offspring. 
C) enhance the ability of parents to improve the gene content of their children. 
D) creation of embryos for stem cell therapy. 
A) allow women with mitochondrial diseases to have normal offspring. 
B) allow women with any genetic disease to have normal offspring. 
C) enhance the ability of parents to improve the gene content of their children. 
D) creation of embryos for stem cell therapy.

Question 11

Match each term with the correct description.
 
-Encoded by nuclear gene

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU 
A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU

Question 12

Molecular evidence suggests that DNA sequences may have been transferred between

Accepted Answer

A) mtDNA and nuclear DNA. 
B) cpDNA and mtDNA. 
C) different cpDNA molecules. 
D) Evidence suggests all of the above have occurred. 
A) mtDNA and nuclear DNA. 
B) cpDNA and mtDNA. 
C) different cpDNA molecules. 
D) Evidence suggests all of the above have occurred.

Question 13

What are characteristics of the pedigrees of families with mitochondrial diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) All children of affected mothers are also affected irregardles of gender. 
B) Only the male children of affected mothers are affected, female children are not affected. 
C) Only female children of affected mothers are also affectedmales are not afected. 
D) All children of affected males are also affected. 
A) All children of affected mothers are also affected irregardles of gender. 
B) Only the male children of affected mothers are affected, female children are not affected. 
C) Only female children of affected mothers are also affectedmales are not afected. 
D) All children of affected males are also affected.

Question 14

What reaction occurs in the inner matrix of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) Kreb's cycle 
B) Electrons are pumped into the inner matrix to create an electrochemical gradient. 
C) NADH is reduced to produce pyruvate. 
D) FADH2 is reduced to produce pyruvate. 
A) Kreb's cycle 
B) Electrons are pumped into the inner matrix to create an electrochemical gradient. 
C) NADH is reduced to produce pyruvate. 
D) FADH2 is reduced to produce pyruvate.

Question 15

The molecules used in a chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis:

Accepted Answer

A) are all encoded by chloroplast DNA. 
B) some are encoded by chloroplast DNA, others by nuclear DNA. 
C) are all encoded by nuclear DNA. 
D) some are encoded in nuclear DNA and some in mitochondrial DNA. 
A) are all encoded by chloroplast DNA. 
B) some are encoded by chloroplast DNA, others by nuclear DNA. 
C) are all encoded by nuclear DNA. 
D) some are encoded in nuclear DNA and some in mitochondrial DNA.

Question 16

The codon UGA specifies

Accepted Answer

A) "stop" in the "universal" genetic code. 
B) the amino acid tryptophan in human mtDNA. 
C) formyl-methionine in mtDNA. 
D) both "stop" in the "universal" genetic code and the amino acid tryptophan in human mtDNA. 
A) "stop" in the "universal" genetic code. 
B) the amino acid tryptophan in human mtDNA. 
C) formyl-methionine in mtDNA. 
D) both "stop" in the "universal" genetic code and the amino acid tryptophan in human mtDNA.

Question 17

According to the endosymbiont theory

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria are evolved from non-sulfer purple bacteria and chloroplasts are evolved from cyanobacteria. 
B) mitochondria are evolved from cyanobacteria bacteria and chloroplasts are evolved from non-sulfer purple. 
C) mitochondria and chloroplasts can exist independently of cells. 
D) mitochondria and chloroplasts are evolved from other proto-eukaryotic cells. 
A) mitochondria are evolved from non-sulfer purple bacteria and chloroplasts are evolved from cyanobacteria. 
B) mitochondria are evolved from cyanobacteria bacteria and chloroplasts are evolved from non-sulfer purple. 
C) mitochondria and chloroplasts can exist independently of cells. 
D) mitochondria and chloroplasts are evolved from other proto-eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

Due to gene transfer between the organelles and the nucleus

Accepted Answer

A) some organelles may only survive in the cells in which they have transfered genes. 
B) organelle genomes are the same between species 
C) none of the genes that have been transfered are essential for organelle functioning. 
D) organelle genomes experience lower rates of mutation. 
A) some organelles may only survive in the cells in which they have transfered genes. 
B) organelle genomes are the same between species 
C) none of the genes that have been transfered are essential for organelle functioning. 
D) organelle genomes experience lower rates of mutation.

Question 19

Match each term with the correct description.

-Due to mitochondrial mutation

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU 
A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU

Question 20

Match each term with the correct description.

-Encoded by chloroplast gene

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU 
A)  leaf variegation 
B)  petite colonies 
C)  Rubisco LSU 
D)  Rubisco SSU

Exam 14: Organellar Inheritance

Which type of DNA sequences might be studied to help determine the identity of a particular variety of a cultivated crop?

Which type of DNA sequences might be studied to help reunite displaced children with their families?

Which of the following has been associated with Alzheimer's Disease?

When eukaryotic cells are stained with DNA-specific dyes and viewed under the light microscope, DNA molecules are revealed in

cpDNA-encoded proteins include

Inhibitors of bacterial translation, such as chloramphenicol and erythromycin, generally

A homoplasmic cell carries

What would be the prediction if nucleii but no cytoplasm was exchanged between the cells of two species that were not closley related?

Comparison of mitochondrial RNA with the genome sequence of mitochondria demonstrated that

Oocyte transfer could be used to

Match each term with the correct description. -Encoded by nuclear gene

Molecular evidence suggests that DNA sequences may have been transferred between

What are characteristics of the pedigrees of families with mitochondrial diseases?

What reaction occurs in the inner matrix of mitochondria?

The molecules used in a chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis:

The codon UGA specifies

According to the endosymbiont theory

Due to gene transfer between the organelles and the nucleus

Match each term with the correct description. -Due to mitochondrial mutation

Match each term with the correct description. -Encoded by chloroplast gene

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

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