Question 1

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membraneand the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm this organims would most likely be classified as a

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryote 
B) Eukaryote 
C) Archaea 
D) could either be a Eukaryote or Prokaryote 
A) Prokaryote 
B) Eukaryote 
C) Archaea 
D) could either be a Eukaryote or Prokaryote A

Question 2

A plasmid that contains an open reading frame for the penecillin resistance gene flanked at the 5' end with sequences from the LacZ gene and at the 3' end with different sequences from the LacZ open reading frame.Bacgteria are plated on media that contains penecillin.What is the conclusion regarding the bacteria that grow on the plate?

Accepted Answer

A) The plasmid is inhibiting LacZ production 
B) The genome carries a mutation in the LacZ gene. 
C) No inference can be made concerning the state of the genomic LacZ gene. 
D) The bacteria should be able to produce beta-galactosidase 
A) The plasmid is inhibiting LacZ production 
B) The genome carries a mutation in the LacZ gene. 
C) No inference can be made concerning the state of the genomic LacZ gene. 
D) The bacteria should be able to produce beta-galactosidase B

Question 3

Horizontal gene transfer can

Accepted Answer

A) accelerate evolution of a species 
B) inihbit evolution of a species. 
C) has no role in evolution. 
D) only has a role in evolution if the transfer is to a different species. 
A) accelerate evolution of a species 
B) inihbit evolution of a species. 
C) has no role in evolution. 
D) only has a role in evolution if the transfer is to a different species. A

Question 4

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

Accepted Answer

A) Tn elements can carry antibiotic resistance genes. 
B) IS elements carry a transposase gene. 
C) Tn elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
D) IS elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
A) Tn elements can carry antibiotic resistance genes. 
B) IS elements carry a transposase gene. 
C) Tn elements integrate into plasmids and genomes. 
D) IS elements integrate into plasmids and genomes.

Question 5

A strain of N.gonorrhoeae is isolated that does not have a plasmid.If a lysate is made from the bacterium it cannot degrade penecillin in an in vitro assay.When a cuture of this strain is grown in a solution that contains radioactive penicillin the amount of penecilllin found within cells is less than the amount found in a non-resistant strain.Sequence of the porin gene from the resitant strain does not have any mutations.What is the most likely mechanism of resistnace in this strain?

Accepted Answer

A) MtR mutation that results in inactivation or inhiition of MtR activity. 
B) penA nonsense mutation. 
C) penA missense mutation. 
D) Genome carries penr gene. 
A) MtR mutation that results in inactivation or inhiition of MtR activity. 
B) penA nonsense mutation. 
C) penA missense mutation. 
D) Genome carries penr gene.

Question 6

Viruses are isolated from wild typeE.coli cells that have been infected with wild type $\lambda$.These viruses are used to infect a gal- strain of E.coli. A few bacterial colonies that grow on minimal galactose are obtained while no bacteria are obtained in cells that are not infected.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A) A $\lambda$ gal+ phage was generated 
B) Reversion mutations have occured. 
C) The bacteria underwent conjugation with a gal+ strain 
D) The bacgteria underwent transformation with a wild type 
A) A $\lambda$ gal+ phage was generated 
B) Reversion mutations have occured. 
C) The bacteria underwent conjugation with a gal+ strain 
D) The bacgteria underwent transformation with a wild type

Question 7

What is a typical characterisitc of bacterial chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) 5% of the sequences encodes proteins 
B) It has telomeres 
C) It is linear. 
D) On average a gene occurs once in every 1000bp 
A) 5% of the sequences encodes proteins 
B) It has telomeres 
C) It is linear. 
D) On average a gene occurs once in every 1000bp

Question 8

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 6 
D) 9 
E) 12 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 6 
D) 9 
E) 12

Question 9

Two F+ E coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Strr Thr+ and the other is Genr Thr-.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) Transformation 
B) Conjugation 
C) Transduction 
D) Electroporation 
A) Transformation 
B) Conjugation 
C) Transduction 
D) Electroporation

Question 10

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutant in the His operon what would be the most appropriate selection media?

Accepted Answer

A) Rich media that contains all of the amino acids supplemented with tetracycline. 
B) Minimal media just supplemented with His 
C) Minimal media supplemented with tetracycline and His 
D) Minimal media supplemented with tetracycline alone. 
A) Rich media that contains all of the amino acids supplemented with tetracycline. 
B) Minimal media just supplemented with His 
C) Minimal media supplemented with tetracycline and His 
D) Minimal media supplemented with tetracycline alone.

Question 11

Penecillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition of a transpeptidase. 
B) inhibiting synthesis of NAM. 
C) inhibiting synthesis of NAG 
D) inhibiting transport of NAG and NAM past the permeale membrane. 
A) inhibition of a transpeptidase. 
B) inhibiting synthesis of NAM. 
C) inhibiting synthesis of NAG 
D) inhibiting transport of NAG and NAM past the permeale membrane.

Question 12

The episome in an Hfr strain is inserted near the trp (tryptophan) locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F-trp- strain.We isolate a trp+ strain that can readily donate the trp+ phenotype to other F- trp+ strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Accepted Answer

A) An F+ trp plasmid has been generated 
B) Typical Hfr mating 
C) Transduction occurs 
D) Transformation occurs 
A) An F+ trp plasmid has been generated 
B) Typical Hfr mating 
C) Transduction occurs 
D) Transformation occurs

Question 13

There are "promiscuous plasmids," plasmids that can replicate in several different species of bacteria.Frequently these plasmids have transposons carrying antibiotic resistance.In a hospital that has an outbreak of a variety of bacteria carrying resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, and penicillin how what is the best way to determine that this resistance was due to a shared plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid and that these plasmids have an identical (or nearly identical) sequence.. 
B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that sensitive cells from these same species become resistant when this plasmid is transformed..Confirm that these are the same plasmids by sequencing. 
C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant sspecies and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes.. 
D) Isolate any plasmids from one resitant species and transform a sensitive strain of the same bacterium to see if resistance occured in the transformants. 
A) Demonstrate that all the resistant bacteria have a plasmid and that these plasmids have an identical (or nearly identical) sequence.. 
B) Isolate plasmids from all resistant bacterial species and demonstrate that sensitive cells from these same species become resistant when this plasmid is transformed..Confirm that these are the same plasmids by sequencing. 
C) Sequence the genomes of the resistant sspecies and demonstrate mutations in the same homologous genes.. 
D) Isolate any plasmids from one resitant species and transform a sensitive strain of the same bacterium to see if resistance occured in the transformants.

Question 14

Match each item in the left column with the single most appropriate item in the right column.Each number should be used only once.

Accepted Answer

a 4; b 1;

Question 15

A strain of E.coli is trp? his? lac?.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Accepted Answer

A) lactose + histidine + tryptophan 
B) glucose + histidine + tryptophan 
C) maltose + histidine + tryptophan 
D) minimal glucose, no histidine, no tryptophan 
E) glucose + histidine + tryptophan and maltose + histidine + tryptophan 
A) lactose + histidine + tryptophan 
B) glucose + histidine + tryptophan 
C) maltose + histidine + tryptophan 
D) minimal glucose, no histidine, no tryptophan 
E) glucose + histidine + tryptophan and maltose + histidine + tryptophan

Question 16

Metagenomics may be useful because

Accepted Answer

A) it could be used to detect diseases.. 
B) It will allow for the sequencing of entire bacterial species genomes. 
C) Metagenomes do not change rapidly. 
D) Metagenomes are not responsive to environmental canges. 
A) it could be used to detect diseases.. 
B) It will allow for the sequencing of entire bacterial species genomes. 
C) Metagenomes do not change rapidly. 
D) Metagenomes are not responsive to environmental canges.

Question 17

Which gene would you predict would be part of the core genome and not the pangenome?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene involved in glucose utilizaation 
B) Antibiotic resistance gene 
C) Metal resistance gene. 
D) Transposase. 
A) Gene involved in glucose utilizaation 
B) Antibiotic resistance gene 
C) Metal resistance gene. 
D) Transposase.

Question 18

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

Accepted Answer

A) Presence of gentamicin in the environment. 
B) High mutation rate for the bacterium. 
C) Growth situation for the bacterium. 
D) Patients not receiving antibiotic provided source of bacteria. 
A) Presence of gentamicin in the environment. 
B) High mutation rate for the bacterium. 
C) Growth situation for the bacterium. 
D) Patients not receiving antibiotic provided source of bacteria.

Question 19

If an Hfr cell is used for mating what is the last gene that could possibly be transfered from the host chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) A gene that is at the site of integration and on the same side as where transfer starts.. 
B) A gene that is at 45 minutes from the site of integration. 
C) A gene that is at the site of integration of the episome but on the opposite side from where transfer starts 
D) A gene that is at 30 minutes from the site of integration 
A) A gene that is at the site of integration and on the same side as where transfer starts.. 
B) A gene that is at 45 minutes from the site of integration. 
C) A gene that is at the site of integration of the episome but on the opposite side from where transfer starts 
D) A gene that is at 30 minutes from the site of integration

Question 20

What characterisitcs make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, haploid, gene control mechanisms identical to eukaryotes. 
B) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, haploid. 
C) Short generation time, realtively complex genome, easily mutagenized, haploid. 
D) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, diploid. 
A) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, haploid, gene control mechanisms identical to eukaryotes. 
B) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, haploid. 
C) Short generation time, realtively complex genome, easily mutagenized, haploid. 
D) Short generation time, realtively simple genome, easily mutagenized, diploid.

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membraneand the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm this organims would most likely be classified as a

Horizontal gene transfer can

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

What is a typical characterisitc of bacterial chromosomes?

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Two F⁺ E coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Str^r Thr⁺ and the other is Gen^r Thr^-.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutant in the His operon what would be the most appropriate selection media?

Penecillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

The episome in an Hfr strain is inserted near the trp (tryptophan) locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F^-trp^- strain.We isolate a trp⁺ strain that can readily donate the trp⁺ phenotype to other F^- trp⁺ strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Match each item in the left column with the single most appropriate item in the right column.Each number should be used only once.

A strain of E.coli is trp? his? lac?.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Metagenomics may be useful because

Which gene would you predict would be part of the core genome and not the pangenome?

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

If an Hfr cell is used for mating what is the last gene that could possibly be transfered from the host chromosome?

What characterisitcs make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 13: Bacterial Genetics

If an organism is isolated that has no nuclear membraneand the DNA is condensed into a body in the cytoplasm this organims would most likely be classified as a

Horizontal gene transfer can

What is a difference between a Tn and IS element?

What is a typical characterisitc of bacterial chromosomes?

We isolate nine different mutants unable to make histidine.They map in different locations and by genetic means we can show there are nine different genes in the pathway.How many enzymes can we anticipate finding in this pathway?

Two F+ E coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Strr Thr+ and the other is Genr Thr-.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

If the Tn10 transposon is used to mutagenize a bacterium for the purpose of creating a mutant in the His operon what would be the most appropriate selection media?

Penecillin stops bacterial cell wall formation by

The episome in an Hfr strain is inserted near the trp (tryptophan) locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F-trp- strain.We isolate a trp+ strain that can readily donate the trp+ phenotype to other F- trp+ strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?

Match each item in the left column with the single most appropriate item in the right column.Each number should be used only once.

A strain of E.coli is trp? his? lac?.Which medium would this bacterium grow on?

Metagenomics may be useful because

Which gene would you predict would be part of the core genome and not the pangenome?

A bacterium is found that is resistant to the antibiotic gentamicin.The bacterium was isolated in a hospital where patients were routinely given gentamicin for a variety of infections.What was the pressure that selected for this resistant population?

If an Hfr cell is used for mating what is the last gene that could possibly be transfered from the host chromosome?

What characterisitcs make bacteria like E.coli attractive as model organisms?

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Two F⁺ E coli strains are co-cultured in the same flask.One is Str^r Thr⁺ and the other is Gen^r Thr^-.The culture is then plated on minimal media that is supplemented with gentamycin only and a few colonies grow.What sort of genetic exchange is most likely occurring?

The episome in an Hfr strain is inserted near the trp (tryptophan) locus.This Hfr strain is incubated with an F^-trp^- strain.We isolate a trp⁺ strain that can readily donate the trp⁺ phenotype to other F^- trp⁺ strains.No other traits are transferred.What has happened?