Question 1

A plaque is

Accepted Answer

A) a colony of bacteria growing on a plate. 
B) a colony of bacteria that contain phage within them. 
C) a region on a plate where living bacteria survive phage infection. 
D) an area on a plate containing live phage-resistant bacteria. 
E) an area on a plate containing phage and dead or destroyed bacteria. 
A) a colony of bacteria growing on a plate. 
B) a colony of bacteria that contain phage within them. 
C) a region on a plate where living bacteria survive phage infection. 
D) an area on a plate containing live phage-resistant bacteria. 
E) an area on a plate containing phage and dead or destroyed bacteria. E

Question 2

Replacing an adenine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) forward mutation. 
E) reversion or reverse mutation 
A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) forward mutation. 
E) reversion or reverse mutation B

Question 3

Examination of the rhodopsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by

Accepted Answer

A) duplication and divergence. 
B) accumulation of random mutations. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) spontaneous generation. 
E) drift. 
A) duplication and divergence. 
B) accumulation of random mutations. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) spontaneous generation. 
E) drift. A

Question 4

Replacing a thymine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) forward mutation. 
E) reversion or reverse mutation 
A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) forward mutation. 
E) reversion or reverse mutation

Question 5

Assume that in the organism under study the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 106 bases copied.However, the overall mutation rate is much lower.This is most likely because

Accepted Answer

A) the polymerase is more careful in replicating regions where genes exist 
B) repair mechanisms correct errors made by the polymerase. 
C) not all mutations can be detected easily. 
D) the DNA polymerase has no proofreading function 
E) mutations do not occur if mutagens are not present 
A) the polymerase is more careful in replicating regions where genes exist 
B) repair mechanisms correct errors made by the polymerase. 
C) not all mutations can be detected easily. 
D) the DNA polymerase has no proofreading function 
E) mutations do not occur if mutagens are not present

Question 6

If a base analog such as 5-bromouracil is used as a mutagen, how many generations will be required to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for alanine (GCC)?

Accepted Answer

A) one generation 
B) two generations 
C) three generations 
D) at least two, but perhaps more due to chance 
E) it will not occur 
A) one generation 
B) two generations 
C) three generations 
D) at least two, but perhaps more due to chance 
E) it will not occur

Question 7

Shown below are the deletion maps of a series of rII- mutations.The deleted region is indicated as (......) and the intact region as ______ 1 ___________(...........)_______________
2 _________________(...........)_________
3 ()....................)_______________ ______
4 ________________________(................)
5 _____(..........)______________________
A series of point mutations A E is used in a coinfection experiment.Shown below are the results of those coinfections.Ability to produce wild-type progeny phage is indicated by (+), and (o) indicates no wild-type progeny.   Indicate the order that is most consistent with these data.

Accepted Answer

A) CADBE 
B) DEBAC 
C) BADCE 
D) ABDEC 
E) CEADB 
A) CADBE 
B) DEBAC 
C) BADCE 
D) ABDEC 
E) CEADB

Question 8

A mutation in which parts of two nonhomologous chromosomes change places is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) insertion. 
E) deletion. 
A) translocation. 
B) transition. 
C) transversion. 
D) insertion. 
E) deletion.

Question 9

Intercalating agents such as acridine orange function as mutagens to

Accepted Answer

A) promote transitions. 
B) remove amine groups. 
C) attach to purines causing distortions 
D) add ethyl or methyl groups. 
E) fit between stacked bases and disrupt replication. 
A) promote transitions. 
B) remove amine groups. 
C) attach to purines causing distortions 
D) add ethyl or methyl groups. 
E) fit between stacked bases and disrupt replication.

Question 10

Red green color blindness is more common in males than females because

Accepted Answer

A) the red pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the green is on an autosome. 
B) the green pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the red is on an autosome. 
C) the rhodopsin gene is on the X chromosome. 
D) both the red and the green pigment genes are on the X chromosome. 
E) both the red and the green pigment genes are on an autosome. 
A) the red pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the green is on an autosome. 
B) the green pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the red is on an autosome. 
C) the rhodopsin gene is on the X chromosome. 
D) both the red and the green pigment genes are on the X chromosome. 
E) both the red and the green pigment genes are on an autosome.

Question 11

The structure of a protein that involves the interaction between two distinct polypeptide chains is

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure. 
B) secondary structure. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) quaternary structure. 
E) both primary and secondary structure. 
A) primary structure. 
B) secondary structure. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) quaternary structure. 
E) both primary and secondary structure.

Question 12

Assume that a transition mutation results in an amino acid substitution in the resulting polypeptide.What level of protein structure might be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
E) All levels might be affected by a single amino acid substitution 
A) primary structure 
B) secondary structure 
C) tertiary structure 
D) quaternary structure 
E) All levels might be affected by a single amino acid substitution

Question 13

Assume that a series of compounds has been discovered in Neurospora.Compounds A-F appear to be members of an enzyme pathway.Several mutations have been identified and each of strains 1-4 contains a single mutation.Shown below are five possible pathways.Choose the pathway that best fits the data presented.[Growth in minimal media with supplements is shown by (+), no growth is shown by (o)] media supplement

Accepted Answer

A) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ E $\rarr$ F 
B) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ F $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ E 
C) F $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ A $\rarr$ E 
D) A $\rarr$ B$\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ F$\rarr$ E 
E) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ F $\rarr$ E $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D 
A) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ E $\rarr$ F 
B) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ F $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ E 
C) F $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ A $\rarr$ E 
D) A $\rarr$ B$\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D $\rarr$ F$\rarr$ E 
E) A $\rarr$ B $\rarr$ F $\rarr$ E $\rarr$ C $\rarr$ D

Question 14

Consider the following results.When 50 million sperm were examined for a specific mutation, 100 mutations were found.Indicate the mutation rate for that gene.

Accepted Answer

A) 5*106 
B) 50*106 
C) 2*106 
D) 2*105 
E) 5*105 
A) 5*106 
B) 50*106 
C) 2*106 
D) 2*105 
E) 5*105

Question 15

Assume that the mutation rate for a given gene is 5*106 mutations per gene per generation.For that gene how many mutations would be expected if 10 million sperm are examined?

Accepted Answer

A) none 
B) 5*106 
C) 5 
D) 50 
E) 500 
A) none 
B) 5*106 
C) 5 
D) 50 
E) 500

Question 16

The photoreceptor protein rhodopsin

Accepted Answer

A) is found in cone cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths. 
B) is found in rod cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths. 
C) is found in cone cells and is responsible for blue and green color vision. 
D) is found in rod cells and is responsible for blue and green color vision. 
E) is missing in individuals who exhibit red green colorblindness. 
A) is found in cone cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths. 
B) is found in rod cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths. 
C) is found in cone cells and is responsible for blue and green color vision. 
D) is found in rod cells and is responsible for blue and green color vision. 
E) is missing in individuals who exhibit red green colorblindness.

Question 17

Choose the statement that is most accurate concerning biochemical pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) All enzymes in the pathway catalyze the same reaction. 
B) If an enzyme in a pathway is inactive, adding excessive amounts of its substrate will restore the normal phenotype. 
C) If an enzyme in a pathway is inactive, adding excessive amounts of its product will restore the normal phenotype. 
D) If the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in a pathway is inactive all the other enzymes will be inactivated as well. 
E) If the first enzyme in a pathway is inactivated, adding the final product will not restore the normal phenotype. 
A) All enzymes in the pathway catalyze the same reaction. 
B) If an enzyme in a pathway is inactive, adding excessive amounts of its substrate will restore the normal phenotype. 
C) If an enzyme in a pathway is inactive, adding excessive amounts of its product will restore the normal phenotype. 
D) If the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in a pathway is inactive all the other enzymes will be inactivated as well. 
E) If the first enzyme in a pathway is inactivated, adding the final product will not restore the normal phenotype.

Question 18

Which type of mutation is least likely to revert?

Accepted Answer

A) deletion 
B) transition 
C) transversion 
D) insertion 
E) All are equally likely 
A) deletion 
B) transition 
C) transversion 
D) insertion 
E) All are equally likely

Question 19

Assume that a researcher set out to duplicate the Luria Delbruck fluctuation experiment.This researcher planted twenty small flasks with bacteria from the same colony and let them grow overnight.The next morning the researcher noticed that all but one of the flasks had come open and were ruined.Not wishing to redo the experiment the researcher took bacteria samples from the one remaining intact flask and placed them on twenty phage plates.What results would you expect to see when the twenty phage plates are examined, and how would these results compare with those of the original Luria Delbruck fluctuation experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely different numbers of resistant colonies. 
B) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely identical numbers of resistant colonies. 
C) Not like the Luria Delbruck results, namely different numbers of resistant colonies. 
D) Not like the Luria Delbruck results, namely identical numbers of resistant colonies. 
E) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely no resistant colonies. 
A) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely different numbers of resistant colonies. 
B) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely identical numbers of resistant colonies. 
C) Not like the Luria Delbruck results, namely different numbers of resistant colonies. 
D) Not like the Luria Delbruck results, namely identical numbers of resistant colonies. 
E) Identical to the Luria Delbruck results, namely no resistant colonies.

Question 20

Alkylating agents such as ethylmethane sulfate (EMS) function as mutagens to

Accepted Answer

A) promote deletions and insertions. 
B) remove amine groups 
C) add oxygen free radicals to bases. 
D) add ethyl or methyl groups. 
E) fit between stacked bases and disrupt replication. 
A) promote deletions and insertions. 
B) remove amine groups 
C) add oxygen free radicals to bases. 
D) add ethyl or methyl groups. 
E) fit between stacked bases and disrupt replication.

A plaque is

Replacing an adenine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Examination of the rhodopsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by

Replacing a thymine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Assume that in the organism under study the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 10⁶ bases copied.However, the overall mutation rate is much lower.This is most likely because

If a base analog such as 5-bromouracil is used as a mutagen, how many generations will be required to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for alanine (GCC)?

A mutation in which parts of two nonhomologous chromosomes change places is called a(n)

Intercalating agents such as acridine orange function as mutagens to

Red green color blindness is more common in males than females because

The structure of a protein that involves the interaction between two distinct polypeptide chains is

Assume that a transition mutation results in an amino acid substitution in the resulting polypeptide.What level of protein structure might be affected as a result?

Consider the following results.When 50 million sperm were examined for a specific mutation, 100 mutations were found.Indicate the mutation rate for that gene.

Assume that the mutation rate for a given gene is 5*10⁶ mutations per gene per generation.For that gene how many mutations would be expected if 10 million sperm are examined?

The photoreceptor protein rhodopsin

Choose the statement that is most accurate concerning biochemical pathways.

Which type of mutation is least likely to revert?

Alkylating agents such as ethylmethane sulfate (EMS) function as mutagens to

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 7: Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

A plaque is

Replacing an adenine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Examination of the rhodopsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by

Replacing a thymine nucleotide with a guanine is an example of a

Assume that in the organism under study the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 106 bases copied.However, the overall mutation rate is much lower.This is most likely because

If a base analog such as 5-bromouracil is used as a mutagen, how many generations will be required to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for alanine (GCC)?

A mutation in which parts of two nonhomologous chromosomes change places is called a(n)

Intercalating agents such as acridine orange function as mutagens to

Red green color blindness is more common in males than females because

The structure of a protein that involves the interaction between two distinct polypeptide chains is

Assume that a transition mutation results in an amino acid substitution in the resulting polypeptide.What level of protein structure might be affected as a result?

Consider the following results.When 50 million sperm were examined for a specific mutation, 100 mutations were found.Indicate the mutation rate for that gene.

Assume that the mutation rate for a given gene is 5*106 mutations per gene per generation.For that gene how many mutations would be expected if 10 million sperm are examined?

The photoreceptor protein rhodopsin

Choose the statement that is most accurate concerning biochemical pathways.

Which type of mutation is least likely to revert?

Alkylating agents such as ethylmethane sulfate (EMS) function as mutagens to

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Assume that in the organism under study the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 mistake in every 10⁶ bases copied.However, the overall mutation rate is much lower.This is most likely because

Assume that the mutation rate for a given gene is 5*10⁶ mutations per gene per generation.For that gene how many mutations would be expected if 10 million sperm are examined?