Question 1

_______ are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

Accepted Answer

A)  Icons 
B)  Prototypes 
C)  Units 
D)  Exemplars 
A)  Icons 
B)  Prototypes 
C)  Units 
D)  Exemplars

Question 2

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.In their modification, Collins and Loftus account for the typicality effect by

Accepted Answer

A)  creating a "typical" node linked to special concepts in a category. 
B)  representing more typical concepts as higher in the categorical hierarchy. 
C)  using shorter links to connect more closely related concepts. 
D)  none of these 
A)  creating a "typical" node linked to special concepts in a category. 
B)  representing more typical concepts as higher in the categorical hierarchy. 
C)  using shorter links to connect more closely related concepts. 
D)  none of these

Question 3

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of information contained in each concept. 
B)  the distance that must be traveled through the network. 
C)  the typicality of the information contained in each concept. 
D)  the representativeness of the information contained in each concept. 
A)  the amount of information contained in each concept. 
B)  the distance that must be traveled through the network. 
C)  the typicality of the information contained in each concept. 
D)  the representativeness of the information contained in each concept.

Question 4

Imagine that a young child is just learning about the category "dog." Thus far, she has experienced only two dogs, one a small poodle and the other a large German shepherd.On her third encounter with a dog, she will be LEAST likely to correctly categorize the animal as a dog if that animal

Accepted Answer

A)  matches the size of the poodle but is of a different breed. 
B)  is a dog that does not bark. 
C)  matches an exemplar of one of the dogs she has experienced. 
D)  is similar to an "average" for the dogs she has encountered. 
A)  matches the size of the poodle but is of a different breed. 
B)  is a dog that does not bark. 
C)  matches an exemplar of one of the dogs she has experienced. 
D)  is similar to an "average" for the dogs she has encountered.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT associated with the semantic network model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family resemblance 
B)  Hierarchical organization 
C)  Cognitive economy 
D)  Spreading activation 
A)  Family resemblance 
B)  Hierarchical organization 
C)  Cognitive economy 
D)  Spreading activation

Question 6

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.However, their revised model was not immune to criticism.One criticism of Collins and Loftus' semantic network theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot explain exceptions to category properties (e.g., account for the fact that an ostrich can't fly while most birds can). 
B)  is of little explanatory value because it can explain just about any result. 
C)  is so inflexible that it has been easy to falsify. 
D)  explains the length of links as resulting from a person's past experiences. 
A)  cannot explain exceptions to category properties (e.g., account for the fact that an ostrich can't fly while most birds can). 
B)  is of little explanatory value because it can explain just about any result. 
C)  is so inflexible that it has been easy to falsify. 
D)  explains the length of links as resulting from a person's past experiences.

Question 7

______ is an average representation of a category.

Accepted Answer

A)  A prototype 
B)  An exemplar 
C)  A unit 
D)  A component 
A)  A prototype 
B)  An exemplar 
C)  A unit 
D)  A component

Question 8

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that

Accepted Answer

A)  these networks learn by a process that is analogous to the way a child learns about the world by making mistakes and being corrected. 
B)  learning a new concept does not interfere with remembering a previously learned concept. 
C)  damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation. 
D)  learning can be generalized between similar concepts to facilitate future learning. 
A)  these networks learn by a process that is analogous to the way a child learns about the world by making mistakes and being corrected. 
B)  learning a new concept does not interfere with remembering a previously learned concept. 
C)  damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation. 
D)  learning can be generalized between similar concepts to facilitate future learning.

Question 9

Compare and contrast the standard object for the prototype approach to categorization and for the exemplar approach to categorization.Include descriptions of how the standards can lead to similar as well as different categorization judgments.

Accepted Answer

The standard object for the prototype ap

Question 10

The process of back propagation is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic networks. 
B)  connectionist networks. 
C)  reasoning about categories. 
D)  spreading activation. 
A)  semantic networks. 
B)  connectionist networks. 
C)  reasoning about categories. 
D)  spreading activation.

_______ are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.In their modification, Collins and Loftus account for the typicality effect by

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Imagine that a young child is just learning about the category "dog." Thus far, she has experienced only two dogs, one a small poodle and the other a large German shepherd.On her third encounter with a dog, she will be LEAST likely to correctly categorize the animal as a dog if that animal

Which of the following is NOT associated with the semantic network model?

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.However, their revised model was not immune to criticism.One criticism of Collins and Loftus' semantic network theory is that it

______ is an average representation of a category.

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that

Compare and contrast the standard object for the prototype approach to categorization and for the exemplar approach to categorization.Include descriptions of how the standards can lead to similar as well as different categorization judgments.

The process of back propagation is most closely associated with

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 9: Knowledge

_______ are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.In their modification, Collins and Loftus account for the typicality effect by

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Imagine that a young child is just learning about the category "dog." Thus far, she has experienced only two dogs, one a small poodle and the other a large German shepherd.On her third encounter with a dog, she will be LEAST likely to correctly categorize the animal as a dog if that animal

Which of the following is NOT associated with the semantic network model?

Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.However, their revised model was not immune to criticism.One criticism of Collins and Loftus' semantic network theory is that it

______ is an average representation of a category.

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that

Compare and contrast the standard object for the prototype approach to categorization and for the exemplar approach to categorization.Include descriptions of how the standards can lead to similar as well as different categorization judgments.

The process of back propagation is most closely associated with

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters