Exam 13: Reasoning and Decision Making

Consider the following syllogism: If p then q. p q This syllogism is a(n)____ syllogism.

The permission schema is an example of a(n)

Physiological research on problem solving has concluded that the prefrontal cortex (PFC)is important in problem solving because damage to this area causes

Failing to consider the law of large numbers most likely results in errors concerning

A syllogism is valid if

An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms.Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no)if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism.This experiment studies _____ reasoning.

Consider the following conditional syllogism: Premise 1: If I study, then I'll get a good grade. Premise 2: I didn't study. Conclusion: Therefore, I didn't get a good grade. This syllogism is an example of

Mia has lived in New York City all her life.She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly.Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using

Donovan volunteers his time to campaign for Joel Goodman.He spent all afternoon putting up "Goodman for Congress" signs around his town and arrived back at Goodman headquarters just in time to watch the Goodman-Hernandez debate on TV.Donovan was eager to watch the candidates debate each other, even though he was 100% sure he was going to vote for Goodman.Donovan's first response to the debate will most likely be

Consider the following conditional syllogism: Premise 1: If I study, then I'll get a good grade. Premise 2: I got a good grade. Conclusion: Therefore, I studied. This syllogism is

People tend to overestimate

Consider the following argument: Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow.

An omission bias would be most likely to occur when deciding whether to

PFC-damaged patients have trouble with reading comprehension tasks.They are unable to

Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes, she will feel elation.This is an example of an

If it is raining, then I will take my umbrella.It is not raining.Therefore, I didn't take my umbrella. This syllogism is an example of

One hundred students are enrolled in State University's course on introductory physics for math and science majors.In the group, 60 students are math majors and 40 are science majors.Sarah is in the class.She got all As in her high school science courses, and she would like to be a chemist someday.She lives on campus.Her boyfriend is also in the class.There is a ____ chance that Sarah is a science major.

Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright.She majored in philosophy as an undergraduate.As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations.Which of the following alternatives is most probable?

Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days.Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow.Bonnie is using

There are two gumball machines outside the local grocery store, one large machine and one small machine.Both machines have only yellow and orange gumballs, and each machine contains 50 percent of each color.For each coin, the large gumball machine dispenses 15 gumballs, while the small machine dispenses 5.Tim is a young genius whose interests include probability and sound decision-making.His "probability project of the day" is to get a greater percentage of either of the colors, but not an equal amount of each color.Given this, and presuming Tim has only one coin,