Question 1

After ischemia, neurons deprived of blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  transform from neurons into glia. 
B)  lose much of their oxygen and glucose supplies. 
C)  break down the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  increase the velocity of their action potentials. 
A)  transform from neurons into glia. 
B)  lose much of their oxygen and glucose supplies. 
C)  break down the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  increase the velocity of their action potentials.

Question 2

One reason why axons regenerate better in the peripheral nervous system of mammals than in the central nervous system is that the peripheral nervous system:

Accepted Answer

A)  has fewer myelinated axons. 
B)  has glial cells that destroy scar tissue. 
C)  maintains a temperature closer to that at which embryonic cells form. 
D)  produces a chemical that promotes axon growth. 
A)  has fewer myelinated axons. 
B)  has glial cells that destroy scar tissue. 
C)  maintains a temperature closer to that at which embryonic cells form. 
D)  produces a chemical that promotes axon growth.

Question 3

Children of mothers who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of:

Accepted Answer

A)  intellectual deficits. 
B)  Korsakoff's syndrome. 
C)  Rett syndrome. 
D)  Parkinson's disease. 
A)  intellectual deficits. 
B)  Korsakoff's syndrome. 
C)  Rett syndrome. 
D)  Parkinson's disease.

Question 4

After deafferenting a monkey's forelimb, it generally fails to use it because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the muscles are too weak. 
B)  moving it is painful. 
C)  they have no motor control in the limb. 
D)  walking on three limbs is easier than moving the impaired limb. 
A)  the muscles are too weak. 
B)  moving it is painful. 
C)  they have no motor control in the limb. 
D)  walking on three limbs is easier than moving the impaired limb.

Question 5

A damaged axon:

Accepted Answer

A)  will never grow back. 
B)  can grow back under certain circumstances. 
C)  will grow back if its dendrites do also. 
D)  will grow back only if it is myelinated. 
A)  will never grow back. 
B)  can grow back under certain circumstances. 
C)  will grow back if its dendrites do also. 
D)  will grow back only if it is myelinated.

Question 6

After a stroke, cells in the penumbra:

Accepted Answer

A)  are the first to die. 
B)  help to remove dead or dying cells in the area of damage. 
C)  quickly become more active, compensating for the area of damage. 
D)  may die days or weeks after a stroke. 
A)  are the first to die. 
B)  help to remove dead or dying cells in the area of damage. 
C)  quickly become more active, compensating for the area of damage. 
D)  may die days or weeks after a stroke.

Question 7

Roger Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye. Axons from what used to be the dorsal part of the retina (now located on the ventral side) grew back to the target areas:

Accepted Answer

A)  that ordinarily get input from the dorsal retina. 
B)  that ordinarily get input from the ventral retina. 
C)  that ordinarily get input from the center of the retina. 
D)  equally and diffusely. 
A)  that ordinarily get input from the dorsal retina. 
B)  that ordinarily get input from the ventral retina. 
C)  that ordinarily get input from the center of the retina. 
D)  equally and diffusely.

Question 8

Alcohol can damage the developing brain by:

Accepted Answer

A)  tearing the cell membrane. 
B)  increasing synaptic inhibition and therefore apoptosis. 
C)  overstimulating neurons. 
D)  interfering with protein production. 
A)  tearing the cell membrane. 
B)  increasing synaptic inhibition and therefore apoptosis. 
C)  overstimulating neurons. 
D)  interfering with protein production.

Question 9

After central nervous system damage, myelin:

Accepted Answer

A)  degenerates and dies. 
B)  secretes proteins that inhibit axon regrowth. 
C)  secretes proteins that enhance some regrowth of axons. 
D)  becomes thicker in surviving axons. 
A)  degenerates and dies. 
B)  secretes proteins that inhibit axon regrowth. 
C)  secretes proteins that enhance some regrowth of axons. 
D)  becomes thicker in surviving axons.

Question 10

What happened when Weiss grafted an extra leg onto a salamander adjacent to one of the hindlegs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The new leg gradually took over for the old. 
B)  The new leg withered and died. 
C)  Nerves from the old leg attached to the new in a random fashion. 
D)  Branches of axons from the old leg attached to corresponding muscles in the new. 
A)  The new leg gradually took over for the old. 
B)  The new leg withered and died. 
C)  Nerves from the old leg attached to the new in a random fashion. 
D)  Branches of axons from the old leg attached to corresponding muscles in the new.

Question 11

As the neural tube sinks under the surface of the skin, the forward end enlarges and differentiates into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  spine, midbrain, and forebrain. 
B)  hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. 
C)  hindbrain, midbrain. 
D)  midbrain, forebrain. 
A)  spine, midbrain, and forebrain. 
B)  hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. 
C)  hindbrain, midbrain. 
D)  midbrain, forebrain.

Question 12

A rat in a more stimulating environment develops a thicker cortex, more dendritic branching, and improved learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become:

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperactive. 
B)  extinct. 
C)  dormant. 
D)  very complex. 
A)  hyperactive. 
B)  extinct. 
C)  dormant. 
D)  very complex.

Question 14

Define denervation supersensitivity.

Accepted Answer

This is heightened s

Question 15

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel fibers. 
B)  intrinsic cells. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  glomeruli. 
A)  parallel fibers. 
B)  intrinsic cells. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  glomeruli.

Question 16

Diaschisis refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area. 
B)  decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged. 
C)  increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain. 
D)  increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain. 
A)  increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area. 
B)  decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged. 
C)  increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain. 
D)  increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain.

Question 17

If a tree branch is cut, the surrounding branches may grow enough to fill in the empty space left by the missing branch. When this same type of event occurs in the nervous system following brain damage, it is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemiplegia. 
B)  denervation supersensitivity. 
C)  collateral sprouting. 
D)  tree branching. 
A)  hemiplegia. 
B)  denervation supersensitivity. 
C)  collateral sprouting. 
D)  tree branching.

Question 18

Even _____ input produces enhanced responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  mild 
B)  negative 
C)  strong 
D)  positive 
A)  mild 
B)  negative 
C)  strong 
D)  positive

Question 19

Denervation supersensitivity refers to an increase in:

Accepted Answer

A)  production and release of neurotransmitters. 
B)  growth of axon branches. 
C)  responses to neurotransmitters. 
D)  polarization of the membrane at rest. 
A)  production and release of neurotransmitters. 
B)  growth of axon branches. 
C)  responses to neurotransmitters. 
D)  polarization of the membrane at rest.

Question 20

The most common cause of brain damage in young people is:

Accepted Answer

A)  infection. 
B)  gunshot wounds. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  closed head injury. 
A)  infection. 
B)  gunshot wounds. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  closed head injury.

After ischemia, neurons deprived of blood:

One reason why axons regenerate better in the peripheral nervous system of mammals than in the central nervous system is that the peripheral nervous system:

Children of mothers who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of:

After deafferenting a monkey's forelimb, it generally fails to use it because:

A damaged axon:

After a stroke, cells in the penumbra:

Roger Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye. Axons from what used to be the dorsal part of the retina (now located on the ventral side) grew back to the target areas:

Alcohol can damage the developing brain by:

After central nervous system damage, myelin:

What happened when Weiss grafted an extra leg onto a salamander adjacent to one of the hindlegs?

As the neural tube sinks under the surface of the skin, the forward end enlarges and differentiates into the:

A rat in a more stimulating environment develops a thicker cortex, more dendritic branching, and improved learning.

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become:

Define denervation supersensitivity.

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called:

Diaschisis refers to the:

If a tree branch is cut, the surrounding branches may grow enough to fill in the empty space left by the missing branch. When this same type of event occurs in the nervous system following brain damage, it is called:

Even _____ input produces enhanced responses.

Denervation supersensitivity refers to an increase in:

The most common cause of brain damage in young people is:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

After ischemia, neurons deprived of blood:

One reason why axons regenerate better in the peripheral nervous system of mammals than in the central nervous system is that the peripheral nervous system:

Children of mothers who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy are at an increased risk of:

After deafferenting a monkey's forelimb, it generally fails to use it because:

A damaged axon:

After a stroke, cells in the penumbra:

Roger Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye. Axons from what used to be the dorsal part of the retina (now located on the ventral side) grew back to the target areas:

Alcohol can damage the developing brain by:

After central nervous system damage, myelin:

What happened when Weiss grafted an extra leg onto a salamander adjacent to one of the hindlegs?

As the neural tube sinks under the surface of the skin, the forward end enlarges and differentiates into the:

A rat in a more stimulating environment develops a thicker cortex, more dendritic branching, and improved learning.

After maturity, the apoptotic mechanisms become:

Define denervation supersensitivity.

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called:

Diaschisis refers to the:

If a tree branch is cut, the surrounding branches may grow enough to fill in the empty space left by the missing branch. When this same type of event occurs in the nervous system following brain damage, it is called:

Even _____ input produces enhanced responses.

Denervation supersensitivity refers to an increase in:

The most common cause of brain damage in young people is:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters