Question 1

Briefly describe sprouting.

Accepted Answer

Sprouting refers to the natural process

Question 2

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form and that number perfectly matches the connections required. 
B)  If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C)  We are born with all connections formed. 
D)  Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed. 
A)  Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form and that number perfectly matches the connections required. 
B)  If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C)  We are born with all connections formed. 
D)  Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed.

Question 3

For survival, developing neurons need:

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotrophins only. 
B)  neurotrophins and synaptic input. 
C)  synaptic input only. 
D)  apoptosis. 
A)  neurotrophins only. 
B)  neurotrophins and synaptic input. 
C)  synaptic input only. 
D)  apoptosis.

Question 4

After damage to the connections to the left hippocampus from the left entorhinal cortex, sprouts develop from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left occipital cortex. 
B)  right entorhinal cortex. 
C)  left hippocampus. 
D)  right hippocampus. 
A)  left occipital cortex. 
B)  right entorhinal cortex. 
C)  left hippocampus. 
D)  right hippocampus.

Question 5

A monkey with one deafferented limb:

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot control the muscles of that limb. 
B)  moves that limb whenever it uses its contralateral limb. 
C)  uses it spontaneously, even though the animal has lost sensation to that body part. 
D)  does not use it, even though it can still control the muscles. 
A)  cannot control the muscles of that limb. 
B)  moves that limb whenever it uses its contralateral limb. 
C)  uses it spontaneously, even though the animal has lost sensation to that body part. 
D)  does not use it, even though it can still control the muscles.

Question 6

Some neurons die during development because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are surrounded by glia. 
B)  they do not receive enough GABA. 
C)  they receive too much NGF. 
D)  they fail to receive enough NGF. 
A)  they are surrounded by glia. 
B)  they do not receive enough GABA. 
C)  they receive too much NGF. 
D)  they fail to receive enough NGF.

Question 7

Once the brain is fully developed, the anatomy of the brain is unchanging.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe how axons reach their targets during development.

Accepted Answer

Axons follow the che

Question 9

If findings from rat studies generalize to humans, then which of the following best describes how brain damage affects memory for a learned skill?

Accepted Answer

A)  It destroys the memory forever. 
B)  The memory is not affected. 
C)  The memory may be present, but difficult to locate. 
D)  The old memory is lost, but new ones are easier to acquire 
A)  It destroys the memory forever. 
B)  The memory is not affected. 
C)  The memory may be present, but difficult to locate. 
D)  The old memory is lost, but new ones are easier to acquire

Question 10

Axons are usually formed before the dendrites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Keeping animals in a varied environment with stimulation increases the:

Accepted Answer

A)  branching of dendrites. 
B)  speed of action potentials. 
C)  density of Nodes of Ranvier along the axon. 
D)  thickness of axons. 
A)  branching of dendrites. 
B)  speed of action potentials. 
C)  density of Nodes of Ranvier along the axon. 
D)  thickness of axons.

Question 12

Deafferentation of the left arm results in the inability to move it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In dealing with brain-damaged patients, the usual goal is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  get the patients to rely on other people for the skills that they have lost. 
B)  get the patients to make as much use as possible of the impaired systems. 
C)  promote physical changes in the brain, such as collateral sprouting. 
D)  encourage complete inactivity to enable the brain to engage in restorative processes. 
A)  get the patients to rely on other people for the skills that they have lost. 
B)  get the patients to make as much use as possible of the impaired systems. 
C)  promote physical changes in the brain, such as collateral sprouting. 
D)  encourage complete inactivity to enable the brain to engage in restorative processes.

Question 14

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differentiation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Myelination 
D)  Proliferation 
A)  Differentiation 
B)  Migration 
C)  Myelination 
D)  Proliferation

Question 15

Describe how experience can alter brain development (give a specific example).

Accepted Answer

Experience can alter brain development i

Question 16

Describe the five main stages of growth and development of neurons.

Accepted Answer

The five main stages of growth and devel

Question 17

Early in development, the nervous system begins as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity. 
B)  spherical structure in the center of the embryo. 
C)  diffuse system of cells scattered throughout the body. 
D)  single layer of cells covering the heart and other internal organs. 
A)  tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity. 
B)  spherical structure in the center of the embryo. 
C)  diffuse system of cells scattered throughout the body. 
D)  single layer of cells covering the heart and other internal organs.

Question 18

Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:

Accepted Answer

A)  by following a gradient of chemicals. 
B)  through apoptosis. 
C)  through necrosis. 
D)  based on their size. 
A)  by following a gradient of chemicals. 
B)  through apoptosis. 
C)  through necrosis. 
D)  based on their size.

Question 19

Although the following methods may or may not actually work, which one would theoretically be of potential benefit to stroke victims?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing activity at glutamate receptors 
B)  opening sodium channels 
C)  closing potassium channels 
D)  blocking glutamate receptors 
A)  increasing activity at glutamate receptors 
B)  opening sodium channels 
C)  closing potassium channels 
D)  blocking glutamate receptors

Question 20

Children of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy are born with:

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  Turner's syndrome 
C)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
D)  PKU 
A)  fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  Turner's syndrome 
C)  Klinefelter's syndrome 
D)  PKU

Briefly describe sprouting.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

For survival, developing neurons need:

After damage to the connections to the left hippocampus from the left entorhinal cortex, sprouts develop from the:

A monkey with one deafferented limb:

Some neurons die during development because:

Once the brain is fully developed, the anatomy of the brain is unchanging.

Describe how axons reach their targets during development.

If findings from rat studies generalize to humans, then which of the following best describes how brain damage affects memory for a learned skill?

Axons are usually formed before the dendrites.

Keeping animals in a varied environment with stimulation increases the:

Deafferentation of the left arm results in the inability to move it.

In dealing with brain-damaged patients, the usual goal is to:

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Describe how experience can alter brain development (give a specific example).

Describe the five main stages of growth and development of neurons.

Early in development, the nervous system begins as a:

Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:

Although the following methods may or may not actually work, which one would theoretically be of potential benefit to stroke victims?

Children of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy are born with:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Briefly describe sprouting.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

For survival, developing neurons need:

After damage to the connections to the left hippocampus from the left entorhinal cortex, sprouts develop from the:

A monkey with one deafferented limb:

Some neurons die during development because:

Once the brain is fully developed, the anatomy of the brain is unchanging.

Describe how axons reach their targets during development.

If findings from rat studies generalize to humans, then which of the following best describes how brain damage affects memory for a learned skill?

Axons are usually formed before the dendrites.

Keeping animals in a varied environment with stimulation increases the:

Deafferentation of the left arm results in the inability to move it.

In dealing with brain-damaged patients, the usual goal is to:

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Describe how experience can alter brain development (give a specific example).

Describe the five main stages of growth and development of neurons.

Early in development, the nervous system begins as a:

Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:

Although the following methods may or may not actually work, which one would theoretically be of potential benefit to stroke victims?

Children of mothers who drink heavily during pregnancy are born with:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters