Question 1

After a cut through the spinal cord, axons grow back enough to restore functioning in certain ____ but not in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adults; infants 
B)  infants; adults 
C)  fish; mammals 
D)  mammals; primates 
A)  adults; infants 
B)  infants; adults 
C)  fish; mammals 
D)  mammals; primates

Question 2

After damaging input to the hippocampus, collateral sprouting is associated with improvements in:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  taste. 
C)  vision. 
D)  hearing. 
A)  memory. 
B)  taste. 
C)  vision. 
D)  hearing.

Question 3

Focal hand dystonia, sometimes called "musician's cramp", is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  extreme overlap of cortical representation of the fingers. 
B)  deterioration of muscles in the hand. 
C)  demyelination of neurons in the fingers. 
D)  buildup of excess GABA in the temporal cortex. 
A)  extreme overlap of cortical representation of the fingers. 
B)  deterioration of muscles in the hand. 
C)  demyelination of neurons in the fingers. 
D)  buildup of excess GABA in the temporal cortex.

Question 4

A stroke kills neurons in two waves, first by ____ and second by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overstimulation; understimulation 
B)  Understimulation; overstimulation 
C)  collateral sprouting; denervation supersensitivity 
D)  denervation supersensitivity; collateral sprouting 
A)  overstimulation; understimulation 
B)  Understimulation; overstimulation 
C)  collateral sprouting; denervation supersensitivity 
D)  denervation supersensitivity; collateral sprouting

Question 5

What is one reason for gradual behavioral recovery from brain damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uninjured areas of the brain develop new functions to take over the ones that were lost. 
B)  Glia cells are transformed into neurons. 
C)  Additional myelin forms on the axons that were not destroyed. 
D)  Postsynaptic cells deprived of input become supersensitive. 
A)  Uninjured areas of the brain develop new functions to take over the ones that were lost. 
B)  Glia cells are transformed into neurons. 
C)  Additional myelin forms on the axons that were not destroyed. 
D)  Postsynaptic cells deprived of input become supersensitive.

Question 6

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In hemorrhage, cells in the penumbra:

Accepted Answer

A)  lose much of their oxygen. 
B)  lose much of their glucose. 
C)  are flooded with excess oxygen. 
D)  act quickly to strengthen the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  lose much of their oxygen. 
B)  lose much of their glucose. 
C)  are flooded with excess oxygen. 
D)  act quickly to strengthen the blood-brain barrier.

Question 8

Migration is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  production of new cells. 
B)  movement of primitive neurons and glia. 
C)  gradual formation of dendrites and an axon. 
D)  insulation process that occurs on some axons. 
A)  production of new cells. 
B)  movement of primitive neurons and glia. 
C)  gradual formation of dendrites and an axon. 
D)  insulation process that occurs on some axons.

Question 9

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each target cell causes the growth of a neuron and its axon. 
B)  After formation, axons release a chemical that causes a target cell to form. 
C)  Axons that fail to find a target cell die. 
D)  An axon will make contact with any kind of cell and adjust its function as necessary. 
A)  Each target cell causes the growth of a neuron and its axon. 
B)  After formation, axons release a chemical that causes a target cell to form. 
C)  Axons that fail to find a target cell die. 
D)  An axon will make contact with any kind of cell and adjust its function as necessary.

Question 10

If you cut the optic nerve of a newt, what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fibers grow back and attach to random targets, so they see a scrambled picture. 
B)  The fibers grow back and attach to their original targets, resulting in normal vision. 
C)  The newt remains blind, since neurons do not regenerate. 
D)  The fibers attach to multiple targets, resulting in blurry vision. 
A)  The fibers grow back and attach to random targets, so they see a scrambled picture. 
B)  The fibers grow back and attach to their original targets, resulting in normal vision. 
C)  The newt remains blind, since neurons do not regenerate. 
D)  The fibers attach to multiple targets, resulting in blurry vision.

Question 11

What is apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the growth of an axon in response to NGF 
B)  the leakage of transmitters from vesicles 
C)  a program of "suicide" by a neuron 
D)  dendritic branching in the sympathetic nervous system 
A)  the growth of an axon in response to NGF 
B)  the leakage of transmitters from vesicles 
C)  a program of "suicide" by a neuron 
D)  dendritic branching in the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

If supersensitivity takes place, what can one expect to find regarding the number of receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increased number in the presynaptic cell 
B)  A decreased number in the presynaptic cell 
C)  An increased number in the postsynaptic cell 
D)  A decreased number in the postsynaptic cell 
A)  An increased number in the presynaptic cell 
B)  A decreased number in the presynaptic cell 
C)  An increased number in the postsynaptic cell 
D)  A decreased number in the postsynaptic cell

Question 13

In strokes caused by ischemia or hemorrhage, neurons die from overstimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

After damage to the visual cortex, a rat no longer approaches the white card it has been trained to approach. What is the evidence that the rat has not completely forgotten the task?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can relearn the task faster than it can learn to approach a black card. 
B)  After a delay, it spontaneously regains the memory and approaches a white card. 
C)  After several unreinforced sessions, it begins responding correctly. 
D)  Its heart rate increases when looking at a white card but not when looking at a black card. 
A)  It can relearn the task faster than it can learn to approach a black card. 
B)  After a delay, it spontaneously regains the memory and approaches a white card. 
C)  After several unreinforced sessions, it begins responding correctly. 
D)  Its heart rate increases when looking at a white card but not when looking at a black card.

Question 15

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  remove more of the amputated limb. 
B)  have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb. 
C)  stimulate that part of the cortex. 
D)  help them understand that there is no neural basis for these sensations. 
A)  remove more of the amputated limb. 
B)  have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb. 
C)  stimulate that part of the cortex. 
D)  help them understand that there is no neural basis for these sensations.

Question 16

Investigators recorded activity from the cerebral cortex of monkeys that had an entire limb deafferented twelve years earlier. Much to their surprise, what did they find?

Accepted Answer

A)  The organization of this area of the cortex had not been changed at all by the operation. 
B)  This whole cortical area had become responsive to the face. 
C)  This whole cortical area had become response to the opposite limb. 
D)  This whole cortical area had developed motor instead of sensory functions. 
A)  The organization of this area of the cortex had not been changed at all by the operation. 
B)  This whole cortical area had become responsive to the face. 
C)  This whole cortical area had become response to the opposite limb. 
D)  This whole cortical area had developed motor instead of sensory functions.

Question 17

How much alcohol, if any, can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child?

Accepted Answer

A)  The equivalent of two cocktails a day 
B)  The equivalent of one beer a day 
C)  Anything less than what causes her to act drunk 
D)  Unknown, and therefore abstention is recommended 
A)  The equivalent of two cocktails a day 
B)  The equivalent of one beer a day 
C)  Anything less than what causes her to act drunk 
D)  Unknown, and therefore abstention is recommended

Question 18

What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?

Accepted Answer

A)  collateral sprouts 
B)  bifurcations 
C)  denervation supersensitivity 
D)  diaschisis 
A)  collateral sprouts 
B)  bifurcations 
C)  denervation supersensitivity 
D)  diaschisis

Question 19

What is different about rats raised in an enriched environment in comparison to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  a more pleasant personality 
B)  improved learning performance 
C)  better parenting skills 
D)  nothing 
A)  a more pleasant personality 
B)  improved learning performance 
C)  better parenting skills 
D)  nothing

Question 20

A section of the somatosensory cortex ordinarily responds to the third finger of the left hand. If that finger is amputated, to what will the cells in this part of the cortex respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing 
B)  The second and fourth fingers and part of the palm 
C)  The third finger of the right hand 
D)  The entire left hand and the entire right hand 
A)  Nothing 
B)  The second and fourth fingers and part of the palm 
C)  The third finger of the right hand 
D)  The entire left hand and the entire right hand

After a cut through the spinal cord, axons grow back enough to restore functioning in certain but not in .

After damaging input to the hippocampus, collateral sprouting is associated with improvements in:

Focal hand dystonia, sometimes called "musician's cramp", is caused by:

A stroke kills neurons in two waves, first by and second by .

What is one reason for gradual behavioral recovery from brain damage?

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.

In hemorrhage, cells in the penumbra:

Migration is the:

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

If you cut the optic nerve of a newt, what happens?

What is apoptosis?

If supersensitivity takes place, what can one expect to find regarding the number of receptors?

In strokes caused by ischemia or hemorrhage, neurons die from overstimulation.

After damage to the visual cortex, a rat no longer approaches the white card it has been trained to approach. What is the evidence that the rat has not completely forgotten the task?

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to:

Investigators recorded activity from the cerebral cortex of monkeys that had an entire limb deafferented twelve years earlier. Much to their surprise, what did they find?

How much alcohol, if any, can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child?

What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?

What is different about rats raised in an enriched environment in comparison to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

A section of the somatosensory cortex ordinarily responds to the third finger of the left hand. If that finger is amputated, to what will the cells in this part of the cortex respond?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 5: Development and Plasticity of the Brain

After a cut through the spinal cord, axons grow back enough to restore functioning in certain ____ but not in ____.

After damaging input to the hippocampus, collateral sprouting is associated with improvements in:

Focal hand dystonia, sometimes called "musician's cramp", is caused by:

A stroke kills neurons in two waves, first by ____ and second by ____.

What is one reason for gradual behavioral recovery from brain damage?

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.

In hemorrhage, cells in the penumbra:

Migration is the:

Why is it that every axon in an adult mammal has a target cell (muscle cell or other neuron) with which it makes synaptic contact?

If you cut the optic nerve of a newt, what happens?

What is apoptosis?

If supersensitivity takes place, what can one expect to find regarding the number of receptors?

In strokes caused by ischemia or hemorrhage, neurons die from overstimulation.

After damage to the visual cortex, a rat no longer approaches the white card it has been trained to approach. What is the evidence that the rat has not completely forgotten the task?

One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to:

Investigators recorded activity from the cerebral cortex of monkeys that had an entire limb deafferented twelve years earlier. Much to their surprise, what did they find?

How much alcohol, if any, can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child?

What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?

What is different about rats raised in an enriched environment in comparison to rats raised in an impoverished environment?

A section of the somatosensory cortex ordinarily responds to the third finger of the left hand. If that finger is amputated, to what will the cells in this part of the cortex respond?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

After a cut through the spinal cord, axons grow back enough to restore functioning in certain but not in .

A stroke kills neurons in two waves, first by and second by .