Question 1

Light is harvested by protein complexes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phycobilisomes 
B)  carboxysomes 
C)  gas vesicles 
D)  storage granules 
E)  magnetosomes 
A)  phycobilisomes 
B)  carboxysomes 
C)  gas vesicles 
D)  storage granules 
E)  magnetosomes

Question 2

The thin layer of peptidoglycan in Gram-negative cells is believed, based on calculations of __________, to be a single sheet.

Accepted Answer

A)  shape 
B)  genetic analysis 
C)  width 
D)  X-ray crystallography 
E)  molecular density 
A)  shape 
B)  genetic analysis 
C)  width 
D)  X-ray crystallography 
E)  molecular density

Question 3

A medically important example of active transport is that of drug __________ proteins powered by the hydrogen ion gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  efflux 
B)  porin 
C)  membrane permeant 
D)  diffusion 
E)  lysis 
A)  efflux 
B)  porin 
C)  membrane permeant 
D)  diffusion 
E)  lysis

Question 4

For SDS electrophoresis, proteins are coated with a reagent to give them a uniform __________ charge so that their distance of migration depends on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; molecular weight 
B)  negative; shape 
C)  positive; shape 
D)  negative; molecular weight 
E)  neutral; molecular weight 
A)  positive; molecular weight 
B)  negative; shape 
C)  positive; shape 
D)  negative; molecular weight 
E)  neutral; molecular weight

Question 5

Directed movements toward or away from a chemical or physical signal are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  gliding 
B)  flagellation 
C)  taxes 
D)  locomotion 
E)  slime layer 
A)  gliding 
B)  flagellation 
C)  taxes 
D)  locomotion 
E)  slime layer

Question 6

Describe the Gram-negative cell envelope. Why are porins necessary in the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells?

Accepted Answer

Covering the cytoplasmic membrane is a t

Question 7

Why can't most kinds of bacteria be eaten as a major part of our diet?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes in general have a higher nuc

Question 8

What are some of the limitations of X-ray crystallography?

Accepted Answer

Crystallographic analysis can only be us

Question 9

The contribution of particle mass and shape to sedimentation rate is defined as its __________ coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A)  radius 
B)  rotation 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  Svedberg 
E)  ultracentrifugation 
A)  radius 
B)  rotation 
C)  sedimentation 
D)  Svedberg 
E)  ultracentrifugation

Question 10

How is supercoiling different in bacteria and archaea. Why is this important for archaea?

Accepted Answer

In bacteria, the extra turns oppose the

Question 11

All archaeal phospholipids have a/an __________ link between glycerol and the lipid component.

Accepted Answer

A)  ester 
B)  ether 
C)  ethanolamine 
D)  unsaturated 
E)  phosphatidyl 
A)  ester 
B)  ether 
C)  ethanolamine 
D)  unsaturated 
E)  phosphatidyl

Question 12

The __________ is the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Gram-negative cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  periplasm 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  lipoploysaccharide 
E)  S-layer 
A)  periplasm 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  lipoploysaccharide 
E)  S-layer

Question 13

__________ and __________ are the product of ancestral engulfment of prokaryotic cells, followed by evolution of endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus; mitochondria 
B)  Chloroplasts; Golgi apparatus 
C)  Nucleolus; nucleus 
D)  Mitochondria; chloroplasts 
E)  Thylakoids; carboxysomes 
A)  Nucleus; mitochondria 
B)  Chloroplasts; Golgi apparatus 
C)  Nucleolus; nucleus 
D)  Mitochondria; chloroplasts 
E)  Thylakoids; carboxysomes

Question 14

Explain what happens when a cell comes into contact with water or with ethanol. Why is 70% ethanol commonly used to treat wounds and surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Water can cross cell membranes by osmosi

Question 15

Which is NOT a component of any bacterial cells wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  techoic acids 
C)  N-acetylmuramic acid 
D)  cellulose 
E)  L-lysine 
A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  techoic acids 
C)  N-acetylmuramic acid 
D)  cellulose 
E)  L-lysine

Question 16

Eukaryotic microbes that lack a cell wall possess __________ to circumvent osmotic shock.

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  contractile vacuoles 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  lysosomes 
E)  gas vesicles 
A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  contractile vacuoles 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  lysosomes 
E)  gas vesicles

Question 17

__________ stabilize ribosomes during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Nucleic acids 
C)  Polyamines 
D)  Lipids 
E)  Phospholipids 
A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Nucleic acids 
C)  Polyamines 
D)  Lipids 
E)  Phospholipids

Question 18

How can some prokaryotes double in as little as ten minutes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation occur in a

Question 19

Which of the following materials found in storage granules is used as an energy source?

Accepted Answer

A)  gas vesicle 
B)  sulfur 
C)  polyphosphate 
D)  glycogen 
E)  magnetosome 
A)  gas vesicle 
B)  sulfur 
C)  polyphosphate 
D)  glycogen 
E)  magnetosome

Question 20

All of the following statements regarding phospholipids are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of glycerol with ester links to two fatty acids and a phosphoryl group. 
B)  They impart rigidity to the membrane. 
C)  All face each other tail-to-tail. 
D)  The two layers in the bilayer are called leaflets. 
E)  They give the membrane a consistent thickness. 
A)  They consist of glycerol with ester links to two fatty acids and a phosphoryl group. 
B)  They impart rigidity to the membrane. 
C)  All face each other tail-to-tail. 
D)  The two layers in the bilayer are called leaflets. 
E)  They give the membrane a consistent thickness.

Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function

Light is harvested by protein complexes called __________.

The thin layer of peptidoglycan in Gram-negative cells is believed, based on calculations of __________, to be a single sheet.

A medically important example of active transport is that of drug __________ proteins powered by the hydrogen ion gradient.

For SDS electrophoresis, proteins are coated with a reagent to give them a uniform __________ charge so that their distance of migration depends on __________.

Directed movements toward or away from a chemical or physical signal are known as:

Describe the Gram-negative cell envelope. Why are porins necessary in the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells?

Why can't most kinds of bacteria be eaten as a major part of our diet?

What are some of the limitations of X-ray crystallography?

The contribution of particle mass and shape to sedimentation rate is defined as its __________ coefficient.

How is supercoiling different in bacteria and archaea. Why is this important for archaea?

All archaeal phospholipids have a/an __________ link between glycerol and the lipid component.

The __________ is the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane in Gram-negative cells.

__________ and __________ are the product of ancestral engulfment of prokaryotic cells, followed by evolution of endosymbiosis.

Explain what happens when a cell comes into contact with water or with ethanol. Why is 70% ethanol commonly used to treat wounds and surfaces?

Which is NOT a component of any bacterial cells wall?

Eukaryotic microbes that lack a cell wall possess __________ to circumvent osmotic shock.

__________ stabilize ribosomes during translation.

How can some prokaryotes double in as little as ten minutes?

Which of the following materials found in storage granules is used as an energy source?

All of the following statements regarding phospholipids are true EXCEPT:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

For SDS electrophoresis, proteins are coated with a reagent to give them a uniform charge so that their distance of migration depends on .

and are the product of ancestral engulfment of prokaryotic cells, followed by evolution of endosymbiosis.