Question 1

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger __________ and transfers them to a stronger __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen compound series; sulfur compound series 
B)  reductant; oxidant 
C)  inorganic donor; organic donor 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  nitrogen compound series; sulfur compound series 
B)  reductant; oxidant 
C)  inorganic donor; organic donor 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 2

In marine sediments, CO2 is reduced to CH4 by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria containing proteorhodopsin 
B)  oxygenic cyanobacteria 
C)  methanotrophic archaea 
D)  methanogenic archaea 
E)  none of the above 
A)  bacteria containing proteorhodopsin 
B)  oxygenic cyanobacteria 
C)  methanotrophic archaea 
D)  methanogenic archaea 
E)  none of the above

Question 3

What is the direction of proton backflow in the chloroplast F1Fo ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

A)  from stroma to cytoplasm 
B)  from cytoplasm to stroma 
C)  from lumen to stroma 
D)  from stroma to lumen 
E)  none of the above 
A)  from stroma to cytoplasm 
B)  from cytoplasm to stroma 
C)  from lumen to stroma 
D)  from stroma to lumen 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

What are nitrifiers? What harms and benefits may they have for human activities?

Accepted Answer

Reduced nitrogen forms, such as fertiliz

Question 5

In Gram-negative bacteria, the ETS is embedded in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  inner membrane 
B)  cell wall 
C)  periplasm 
D)  outer membrane 
E)  none of the above 
A)  inner membrane 
B)  cell wall 
C)  periplasm 
D)  outer membrane 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

The reduction of uranium to uranite by Geobacter metallireducens is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilatory metal reduction 
B)  fermentation 
C)  dissimilatory metal reduction 
D)  organotrophy 
E)  lithotrophy 
A)  assimilatory metal reduction 
B)  fermentation 
C)  dissimilatory metal reduction 
D)  organotrophy 
E)  lithotrophy

Question 7

Is the synthesis of ATP by the FoF1 ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

Accepted Answer

Generation of ATP by the F_o F₁ ATPase is c

Question 8

What could be the advantages of having a Na+-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

Accepted Answer

These microorganisms use an NADH dehydro

Question 9

How can $\Delta$p be measured in bacterial cells? Compare that with ways to measure it in eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

Whereas in eukaryotic cells @#LAT-DLM&p can be dir

Question 10

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  [ATP] and [ADP]+[Pi] 
B)  a pH gradient and a Na+ gradient 
C)  pH and pNa+ 
D)  $\Delta$pH and $\Delta$$\varPsi$ 
E)  none of the above 
A)  [ATP] and [ADP]+[Pi] 
B)  a pH gradient and a Na+ gradient 
C)  pH and pNa+ 
D)  $\Delta$pH and $\Delta$$\varPsi$ 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

Why and how is it that mitochondria have only a single ETS, unlike many bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have the advantage of exist

Question 12

What are facultative phototrophs? Provide an example and possible use in biotechnology.

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms that use a combination of

Question 13

Reduction potential is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency for a molecule to release H+ in solution 
B)  the tendency for a molecule to release OH- in solution 
C)  the tendency of a molecule to accept electrons 
D)  the tendency of a molecule to donate electrons 
E)  a synonym for chemical valence 
A)  the tendency for a molecule to release H+ in solution 
B)  the tendency for a molecule to release OH- in solution 
C)  the tendency of a molecule to accept electrons 
D)  the tendency of a molecule to donate electrons 
E)  a synonym for chemical valence

Question 14

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriorhodopsin has a proton channel domain. 
B)  Bacteriorhodopsin makes the membrane porous to protons. 
C)  Light-induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Bacteriorhodopsin has a proton channel domain. 
B)  Bacteriorhodopsin makes the membrane porous to protons. 
C)  Light-induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

Describe how an uncoupler functions. Can it be used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

An uncoupler can cross the membrane in e

Question 16

Bacterial activity in Earth's crust may have deposited most of the gold through the process of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of hydrosoluble Au3+ 
B)  oxidation of Au3+ 
C)  oxidation of gold ores 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  reduction of hydrosoluble Au3+ 
B)  oxidation of Au3+ 
C)  oxidation of gold ores 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

The following is correct with respect to anaerobic photosystem I:

Accepted Answer

A)  PS I separates electrons associated with hydrogens from H2S. 
B)  PS I separates electrons from organic electron donors such as succinate. 
C)  PS I separates electrons from Fe2+. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  PS I separates electrons associated with hydrogens from H2S. 
B)  PS I separates electrons from organic electron donors such as succinate. 
C)  PS I separates electrons from Fe2+. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 18

In some electron carriers, a __________ and __________ offer electrons with relatively narrow energy transitions.

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenase; oxidases 
B)  heteroatom; peptide bonds 
C)  metal ion; aromatic bonds 
D)  none of the above 
E)  all of the above 
A)  dehydrogenase; oxidases 
B)  heteroatom; peptide bonds 
C)  metal ion; aromatic bonds 
D)  none of the above 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride ion 
C)  magnesium ion 
D)  manganese ion 
E)  potassium ion 
A)  calcium ion 
B)  chloride ion 
C)  magnesium ion 
D)  manganese ion 
E)  potassium ion

Question 20

Ferroplasma acidarmanus produces large amounts of sulfuric acid through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of Cu+ with Cu(NO3)2 
B)  oxidation of FeS2 with Fe3+ 
C)  oxidation of Fe3O2 with Fe2+ 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  oxidation of Cu+ with Cu(NO3)2 
B)  oxidation of FeS2 with Fe3+ 
C)  oxidation of Fe3O2 with Fe2+ 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Exam 14: Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger __________ and transfers them to a stronger __________.

In marine sediments, CO2 is reduced to CH4 by __________.

What is the direction of proton backflow in the chloroplast F1Fo ATP synthase?

What are nitrifiers? What harms and benefits may they have for human activities?

In Gram-negative bacteria, the ETS is embedded in the:

The reduction of uranium to uranite by Geobacter metallireducens is an example of:

Is the synthesis of ATP by the FoF1 ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

What could be the advantages of having a Na+-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

How can Δ\DeltaΔ p be measured in bacterial cells? Compare that with ways to measure it in eukaryotic cells.

The chemiosmotic theory states that the proton potential is composed of __________.

Why and how is it that mitochondria have only a single ETS, unlike many bacteria?

What are facultative phototrophs? Provide an example and possible use in biotechnology.

Reduction potential is defined as:

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping?

Describe how an uncoupler functions. Can it be used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections?

Bacterial activity in Earth's crust may have deposited most of the gold through the process of __________.

The following is correct with respect to anaerobic photosystem I:

In some electron carriers, a __________ and __________ offer electrons with relatively narrow energy transitions.

The chlorophyll chromophore consists of a heteroaromatic ring complexed to a __________.

Ferroplasma acidarmanus produces large amounts of sulfuric acid through __________.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

In the electron transport system, each cytochrome receives the electrons from a stronger and transfers them to a stronger .

In marine sediments, CO₂ is reduced to CH₄ by __________.

What is the direction of proton backflow in the chloroplast F₁F_o ATP synthase?

Is the synthesis of ATP by the F_oF₁ ATPase reversible? If so, are there any examples?

What could be the advantages of having a Na⁺-pumping oxidoreductase in pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis?

How can $\Delta$ p be measured in bacterial cells? Compare that with ways to measure it in eukaryotic cells.

In some electron carriers, a and offer electrons with relatively narrow energy transitions.