Question 1

The NASA FLUXNET tower is used for sampling and monitoring which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  atmospheric CO2 and carbon flux 
B)  dinitrogen gas and denitrification 
C)  biomass carbon and dissolved CO2 oceans 
D)  hydrogen cycle and carbon flux 
E)  atmospheric nitrogen and carbon 
A)  atmospheric CO2 and carbon flux 
B)  dinitrogen gas and denitrification 
C)  biomass carbon and dissolved CO2 oceans 
D)  hydrogen cycle and carbon flux 
E)  atmospheric nitrogen and carbon

Question 2

Which of the following reservoirs contains the most rapidly cycled carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  ocean inorganic molecules 
D)  land biomass 
E)  crust below land and ocean 
A)  atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  ocean inorganic molecules 
D)  land biomass 
E)  crust below land and ocean

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reduced form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  methane 
B)  biomass 
C)  hydrocarbons 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  methanol 
A)  methane 
B)  biomass 
C)  hydrocarbons 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  methanol

Question 4

Which of the following is the most perturbed of the major biogeochemical cycles?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur cycle 
B)  carbon cycle 
C)  nitrogen cycle 
D)  phosphorus cycle 
E)  hydrogen cycle 
A)  sulfur cycle 
B)  carbon cycle 
C)  nitrogen cycle 
D)  phosphorus cycle 
E)  hydrogen cycle

Question 5

Describe how bacteria have been used to remove uranium contamination.

Accepted Answer

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans re

Question 6

What do wastewater treatment plants have in common with wetland filtration (purification)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of wastewater treated 
B)  the engineering designs and flow 
C)  depend on microbes to remove nitrogen and carbon 
D)  oxygen is used to decontaminate pollutants 
E)  membrane filtration eliminates the contaminants 
A)  the type of wastewater treated 
B)  the engineering designs and flow 
C)  depend on microbes to remove nitrogen and carbon 
D)  oxygen is used to decontaminate pollutants 
E)  membrane filtration eliminates the contaminants

Question 7

Explain how the Mississippi River drainage into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana leads to a large dead zone.

Accepted Answer

The Mississippi River has input from the

Question 8

Which of the following is least likely to raise the biochemical oxygen demand?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate 
B)  phosphate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  iron 
E)  organic fertilizer 
A)  nitrate 
B)  phosphate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  iron 
E)  organic fertilizer

Question 9

In polluted ocean waters, what type of organisms may contribute significantly to global warming?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  photosynthetic archaea 
C)  vent bacteria 
D)  protists 
E)  denitrifying bacteria 
A)  photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  photosynthetic archaea 
C)  vent bacteria 
D)  protists 
E)  denitrifying bacteria

Question 10

The largest reservoir for carbon is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  carbonate rocks and subsurface carbon 
D)  wetlands 
E)  fossil fuels 
A)  atmosphere 
B)  ocean biomass 
C)  carbonate rocks and subsurface carbon 
D)  wetlands 
E)  fossil fuels

Question 11

Marine water is extremely limited in the supply of phosphate. Which of the following represents a classic microbial adaptation to phosphorous deficiency in this environ?

Accepted Answer

A)  substitution of phospholipids by nonphospholipids on the membrane 
B)  rapid metabolism to scavenge decomposing plankton 
C)  elimination of phosphate groups from DNA backbone 
D)  specialized structures for adsorbing phosphate 
E)  none of the above 
A)  substitution of phospholipids by nonphospholipids on the membrane 
B)  rapid metabolism to scavenge decomposing plankton 
C)  elimination of phosphate groups from DNA backbone 
D)  specialized structures for adsorbing phosphate 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is used by bacteria for iron uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  ferrodoxin 
B)  protein A 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  siderophores 
E)  lipoprotein 
A)  ferrodoxin 
B)  protein A 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  siderophores 
E)  lipoprotein

Question 13

Marine dead zones are characterized as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxic 
B)  aerated 
C)  devoid of fish 
D)  A and C 
E)  dangerous for ship sail 
A)  hypoxic 
B)  aerated 
C)  devoid of fish 
D)  A and C 
E)  dangerous for ship sail

Question 14

Describe the wetland system set up by a hog farmer to treat his hog-farm waste.

Accepted Answer

Marshes and wetlands act as natural filt

Question 15

Explain how isotope ratios can be used to indicate the type of organism present in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

The enzymatic reactions of bacterial den

Question 16

The relative composition of elements across all species is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  constant 
B)  varied 
C)  not measurable 
D)  independent of abiotic factors 
E)  called its "reservoir" 
A)  constant 
B)  varied 
C)  not measurable 
D)  independent of abiotic factors 
E)  called its "reservoir"

Question 17

Which of the following is CORRECT about micronutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are needed in small amounts and do not need to be cycled. 
B)  They are sometimes needed in large amounts. 
C)  Phosphorus is a good example of a micronutrient. 
D)  Some microbes can grow without them. 
E)  Their cycling involves changes in oxidation state. 
A)  They are needed in small amounts and do not need to be cycled. 
B)  They are sometimes needed in large amounts. 
C)  Phosphorus is a good example of a micronutrient. 
D)  Some microbes can grow without them. 
E)  Their cycling involves changes in oxidation state.

Question 18

Concerning biogeochemical cycles, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Nearly half of nitrogen in the biosphere comes from anthropogenic sources. 
B)  Carbon dioxide production by human industry has outpaced fixation. 
C)  Most microbes can interconvert the six major elements, from one to another. 
D)  Organisms acquire elements from abiotic sources or from other organisms. 
E)  Metabolic interactions of microbes with biotic and abiotic environ is biogeochemistry. 
A)  Nearly half of nitrogen in the biosphere comes from anthropogenic sources. 
B)  Carbon dioxide production by human industry has outpaced fixation. 
C)  Most microbes can interconvert the six major elements, from one to another. 
D)  Organisms acquire elements from abiotic sources or from other organisms. 
E)  Metabolic interactions of microbes with biotic and abiotic environ is biogeochemistry.

Question 19

The highly potent greenhouse gas N2O generates how many times the warming effect of CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  150 
D)  200 
E)  500 
A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  150 
D)  200 
E)  500

Question 20

Ammonium nitrate addition to wetland soil cores is associated with increased CO2 efflux, presumably caused by the increased respiration by:

Accepted Answer

A)  phototrophs 
B)  autotrophs 
C)  heterotrophs 
D)  lithotrophs 
E)  methanogens 
A)  phototrophs 
B)  autotrophs 
C)  heterotrophs 
D)  lithotrophs 
E)  methanogens

Exam 22: Microbes and the Global Environment

The NASA FLUXNET tower is used for sampling and monitoring which of the following?

Which of the following reservoirs contains the most rapidly cycled carbon?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reduced form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

Which of the following is the most perturbed of the major biogeochemical cycles?

Describe how bacteria have been used to remove uranium contamination.

What do wastewater treatment plants have in common with wetland filtration (purification)?

Explain how the Mississippi River drainage into the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana leads to a large dead zone.

Which of the following is least likely to raise the biochemical oxygen demand?

In polluted ocean waters, what type of organisms may contribute significantly to global warming?

The largest reservoir for carbon is the:

Marine water is extremely limited in the supply of phosphate. Which of the following represents a classic microbial adaptation to phosphorous deficiency in this environ?

Which of the following is used by bacteria for iron uptake?

Marine dead zones are characterized as being:

Describe the wetland system set up by a hog farmer to treat his hog-farm waste.

Explain how isotope ratios can be used to indicate the type of organism present in an ecosystem.

The relative composition of elements across all species is _____________.

Which of the following is CORRECT about micronutrients?

Concerning biogeochemical cycles, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

The highly potent greenhouse gas N2O generates how many times the warming effect of CO2?

Ammonium nitrate addition to wetland soil cores is associated with increased CO2 efflux, presumably caused by the increased respiration by:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The highly potent greenhouse gas N₂O generates how many times the warming effect of CO₂?

Ammonium nitrate addition to wetland soil cores is associated with increased CO₂ efflux, presumably caused by the increased respiration by: