Question 1

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against

Accepted Answer

A) myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. 
B) acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. 
C) acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. 
D) sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. 
E) cells in thyroid follicles. 
A) myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. 
B) acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. 
C) acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. 
D) sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. 
E) cells in thyroid follicles.

Question 2

Many men make antibodies to sperm,resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility.What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Since sperm are not made until after puberty,the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance.After sperm are made and the immune system sees them,they are recognized as foreign. 
B) Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria,like Streptococcus.After a strep throat,caused by Streptococcus,the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens,which then cross react with sperm antigens,destroying them. 
C) T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders,triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm. 
D) These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes,causing them to make large amounts of antibody. 
A) Since sperm are not made until after puberty,the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance.After sperm are made and the immune system sees them,they are recognized as foreign. 
B) Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria,like Streptococcus.After a strep throat,caused by Streptococcus,the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens,which then cross react with sperm antigens,destroying them. 
C) T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders,triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm. 
D) These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes,causing them to make large amounts of antibody.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) rhinitis 
B) rashes 
C) sneezing 
D) diarrhea 
E) contact dermatitis 
A) rhinitis 
B) rashes 
C) sneezing 
D) diarrhea 
E) contact dermatitis

Question 4

A person with O type blood

Accepted Answer

A) lacks all of the alleles for ABO blood type. 
B) lacks A and B antigens. 
C) could not have the Rh factor. 
D) is called a universal recipient. 
A) lacks all of the alleles for ABO blood type. 
B) lacks A and B antigens. 
C) could not have the Rh factor. 
D) is called a universal recipient.

Question 5

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) anti-A and anti-Rh 
B) anti-B and anti-Rh 
C) anti-A 
D) anti-B 
E) anti-A,anti-B,and anti-Rh 
A) anti-A and anti-Rh 
B) anti-B and anti-Rh 
C) anti-A 
D) anti-B 
E) anti-A,anti-B,and anti-Rh

Question 6

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except

Accepted Answer

A) systemic lupus erythematosus. 
B) Graves' disease. 
C) type I diabetes. 
D) metastatic cancer. 
E) rheumatoid arthritis. 
A) systemic lupus erythematosus. 
B) Graves' disease. 
C) type I diabetes. 
D) metastatic cancer. 
E) rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 7

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

Accepted Answer

A) degranulation 
B) bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) histamine acts on smooth muscle 
E) prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability 
A) degranulation 
B) bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) histamine acts on smooth muscle 
E) prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 8

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

Accepted Answer

A) ingestant 
B) inhalant 
C) injectant 
D) contactant 
A) ingestant 
B) inhalant 
C) injectant 
D) contactant

Question 9

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose.

Accepted Answer

A) sensitizing 
B) provocative 
C) allergic 
D) hypersensitivity 
E) desensitizing 
A) sensitizing 
B) provocative 
C) allergic 
D) hypersensitivity 
E) desensitizing

Question 10

You have a dermatitis related to a particular material in your socks.Your feet are covered with a really itchy rash,which has developed blisters over the last day or so.You had first worn them 2 to 3 days ago,and you did not launder them after buying them at the store.Finding some anti-histamine medication in your bathroom cabinet,you decide to take it to relieve the itching rash believing:

Accepted Answer

A) The rash will go away because the anti-histamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin. 
B) The anti-histamine will make the rash worse.The anti-histamine chemical in the medication reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin,creating a much worse reaction. 
C) The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity. 
D) The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in,it will last for a few days. 
A) The rash will go away because the anti-histamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin. 
B) The anti-histamine will make the rash worse.The anti-histamine chemical in the medication reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin,creating a much worse reaction. 
C) The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity. 
D) The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in,it will last for a few days.

Question 11

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

Accepted Answer

A) type I only. 
B) type I and type IV. 
C) type IV only. 
D) type I,type II,and type III. 
E) type I,type II,type III,and type IV. 
A) type I only. 
B) type I and type IV. 
C) type IV only. 
D) type I,type II,and type III. 
E) type I,type II,type III,and type IV.

Question 12

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock,as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.

Accepted Answer

A) The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts,compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract. 
B) Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced,resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody. 
C) Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response,resulting in a reduced immune coverage. 
D) Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals. 
A) The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts,compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract. 
B) Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced,resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody. 
C) Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response,resulting in a reduced immune coverage. 
D) Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals.

Question 13

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Accepted Answer

A) degranulation 
B) bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) histamine acting on smooth muscle 
E) prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability 
A) degranulation 
B) bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) histamine acting on smooth muscle 
E) prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 14

Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A) Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues. 
B) It involves production of IgE antibodies. 
C) It involves an immune complex reaction. 
D) The Arthus reaction is a local response. 
E) Serum sickness is a systemic response. 
A) Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues. 
B) It involves production of IgE antibodies. 
C) It involves an immune complex reaction. 
D) The Arthus reaction is a local response. 
E) Serum sickness is a systemic response.

Question 17

A person who is Rh- will have anti-Rh antibodies in his/her serum from early infancy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is

Accepted Answer

A) atopic dermatitis. 
B) eczema. 
C) allergic rhinitis. 
D) asthma. 
E) anaphylaxis. 
A) atopic dermatitis. 
B) eczema. 
C) allergic rhinitis. 
D) asthma. 
E) anaphylaxis.

Question 20

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) host rejection of graft 
B) graft versus host disease 
C) formation of autoantibodies 
D) hypogammaglobulinemia 
A) host rejection of graft 
B) graft versus host disease 
C) formation of autoantibodies 
D) hypogammaglobulinemia

Exam 16: Disorders in Immunity

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against

Many men make antibodies to sperm,resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility.What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A person with O type blood

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose.

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock,as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma.

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?

A person who is Rh- will have anti-Rh antibodies in his/her serum from early infancy.

A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh^- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

A person who is Rh^- will have anti-Rh antibodies in his/her serum from early infancy.