Question 1

Properties of effective antigens include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) foreign to the immune system. 
B) molecular complexity. 
C) large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000. 
D) large polymers made up of repeating subunits. 
E) cells or large,complex molecules. 
A) foreign to the immune system. 
B) molecular complexity. 
C) large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000. 
D) large polymers made up of repeating subunits. 
E) cells or large,complex molecules.

Question 2

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by immune destruction of self tissues.The underlying basis of these disorders is:

Accepted Answer

A) oversecretion of antibodies from memory B cells 
B) lack of immune tolerance 
C) lack of an anamnestic response 
D) overproduction of complement 
A) oversecretion of antibodies from memory B cells 
B) lack of immune tolerance 
C) lack of an anamnestic response 
D) overproduction of complement

Question 3

Edward Jenner's work involved

Accepted Answer

A) inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. 
B) development of passive immunotherapy. 
C) development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox. 
D) immunization using a related,less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one. 
A) inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. 
B) development of passive immunotherapy. 
C) development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox. 
D) immunization using a related,less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one.

Question 4

The major histocompatibility complex is

Accepted Answer

A) a set of glycoproteins,called MHC antigens,found on all body cells. 
B) a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins. 
C) found on the third chromosome. 
D) located in the thymus gland. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) a set of glycoproteins,called MHC antigens,found on all body cells. 
B) a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins. 
C) found on the third chromosome. 
D) located in the thymus gland. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called

Accepted Answer

A) superantigens. 
B) heterophilic antigens. 
C) allergens. 
D) autoantigens. 
A) superantigens. 
B) heterophilic antigens. 
C) allergens. 
D) autoantigens.

Question 6

You do not really want to get your 3 children vaccinated.Your view is why do it,when others around you will get the vaccine and end up protecting you and your children.Which is an accurate statement that your physician may provide to you in response to your challenge to vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A) Your choice is fine,your children will never become infected since this is actually the basis of herd immunity. 
B) This is not a smart choice.If enough people choose not to get vaccinated,the susceptible population grows to a large size breaking the protective effect of herd immunity. 
C) Your choice is fine,maybe you will change your mind when your child goes to college. 
D) This is not a smart choice.You could face potential arrest for not vaccinating your child per the regulations of the US government. 
A) Your choice is fine,your children will never become infected since this is actually the basis of herd immunity. 
B) This is not a smart choice.If enough people choose not to get vaccinated,the susceptible population grows to a large size breaking the protective effect of herd immunity. 
C) Your choice is fine,maybe you will change your mind when your child goes to college. 
D) This is not a smart choice.You could face potential arrest for not vaccinating your child per the regulations of the US government.

Question 7

Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

A) helper T cells 
B) suppressor T cells 
C) cytotoxic T cells 
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E) natural killer (NK)cells 
A) helper T cells 
B) suppressor T cells 
C) cytotoxic T cells 
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
E) natural killer (NK)cells

Question 8

The most significant cells in graft rejection are

Accepted Answer

A) helper T cells. 
B) suppressor T cells. 
C) cytotoxic T cells. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells. 
E) natural killer (NK)cells. 
A) helper T cells. 
B) suppressor T cells. 
C) cytotoxic T cells. 
D) delayed hypersensitivity T cells. 
E) natural killer (NK)cells.

Question 9

All nucleated cells contain

Accepted Answer

A) class I MHC. 
B) class II MHC. 
C) secretory antibodies. 
D) IgE receptors. 
E) IgD receptors. 
A) class I MHC. 
B) class II MHC. 
C) secretory antibodies. 
D) IgE receptors. 
E) IgD receptors.

Question 10

What type of cells secrete antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) memory B cells 
B) cytotoxic T cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) helper T cells 
E) antigen-presenting cells 
A) memory B cells 
B) cytotoxic T cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) helper T cells 
E) antigen-presenting cells

Question 11

A patient enters your clinic with a suspected helminthic infection.In support of this diagnosis,you suspect elevated levels of which antibody in the patient's serum?

Accepted Answer

A) IgD 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgD 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 12

Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.

Accepted Answer

A) variable 
B) FAb 
C) Fc 
D) terminal 
E) hinge 
A) variable 
B) FAb 
C) Fc 
D) terminal 
E) hinge

Question 13

Which of the following is not a target for TC cells?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) virus-infected cells 
C) cancer cells 
D) human transplanted liver 
E) pig transplanted heart 
A) bacteria 
B) virus-infected cells 
C) cancer cells 
D) human transplanted liver 
E) pig transplanted heart

Question 14

High titers of specific antibodies are characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) specific immune globulin (SIG). 
B) gamma globulin. 
C) immune serum globulin (ISG). 
D) attenuated vaccines. 
E) toxoids. 
A) specific immune globulin (SIG). 
B) gamma globulin. 
C) immune serum globulin (ISG). 
D) attenuated vaccines. 
E) toxoids.

Question 15

Class II MHC genes code for

Accepted Answer

A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Lymphocyte maturation involves

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Accepted Answer

A) adjuvant 
B) booster 
C) antibodies to toxin 
D) gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine 
A) adjuvant 
B) booster 
C) antibodies to toxin 
D) gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine

Question 19

The embryonic yolk sac,the liver,and the bone marrow are sites where

Accepted Answer

A) immune responses to antigen occur. 
B) stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes. 
C) antigen is filtered from the blood. 
D) antigen is filtered from tissue fluid. 
E) T lymphocytes complete maturation. 
A) immune responses to antigen occur. 
B) stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes. 
C) antigen is filtered from the blood. 
D) antigen is filtered from tissue fluid. 
E) T lymphocytes complete maturation.

Question 20

The hinge region of an antibody has a hypervariable amino acid region where the antigenic determinant fits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Properties of effective antigens include all of the following except

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by immune destruction of self tissues.The underlying basis of these disorders is:

Edward Jenner's work involved

The major histocompatibility complex is

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called

You do not really want to get your 3 children vaccinated.Your view is why do it,when others around you will get the vaccine and end up protecting you and your children.Which is an accurate statement that your physician may provide to you in response to your challenge to vaccination?

Which lymphocytes lack specificity for antigen and attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells?

The most significant cells in graft rejection are

All nucleated cells contain

What type of cells secrete antibodies?

A patient enters your clinic with a suspected helminthic infection.In support of this diagnosis,you suspect elevated levels of which antibody in the patient's serum?

Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.

Which of the following is not a target for TC cells?

High titers of specific antibodies are characteristic of

Class II MHC genes code for

Lymphocyte maturation involves

Activation of B cells occurs when antigen binds to B cell surface immunoglobulin receptors.

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

The embryonic yolk sac,the liver,and the bone marrow are sites where

The hinge region of an antibody has a hypervariable amino acid region where the antigenic determinant fits.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Which of the following is not a target for T_C cells?