Question 1

Superantigens are

Accepted Answer

A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) antigens that evoke allergic reactions. 
A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) antigens that evoke allergic reactions.

Question 2

The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) sensitized T cells. 
C) activated macrophages. 
D) plasma cells. 
E) bursa cells. 
A) antibodies. 
B) sensitized T cells. 
C) activated macrophages. 
D) plasma cells. 
E) bursa cells.

Question 3

What process generates many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) antigen expression 
B) antibody production 
C) clonal expansion 
D) antigen presentation 
E) opsonization 
A) antigen expression 
B) antibody production 
C) clonal expansion 
D) antigen presentation 
E) opsonization

Question 4

The array of potential antibodies to the variety of possible antigens is amazing.Which statement explains this development?

Accepted Answer

A) Recombination of hundreds of genes for antigen receptors occurs during the developmental stage of lymphocyte production. 
B) Mutations in the antibody gene occur within the activated B cells,since they meet the antigen. 
C) There is a shuffling of genes that code for self markers as well as nonself markers,mixing them together and producing reactive lymphocytes to those markers. 
D) The existing antibody molecules change their shapes,allowing them to fit with a large number of antigens. 
A) Recombination of hundreds of genes for antigen receptors occurs during the developmental stage of lymphocyte production. 
B) Mutations in the antibody gene occur within the activated B cells,since they meet the antigen. 
C) There is a shuffling of genes that code for self markers as well as nonself markers,mixing them together and producing reactive lymphocytes to those markers. 
D) The existing antibody molecules change their shapes,allowing them to fit with a large number of antigens.

Question 5

Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed

Accepted Answer

A) epitopes. 
B) haptens. 
C) antigen binding sites. 
D) variable regions. 
A) epitopes. 
B) haptens. 
C) antigen binding sites. 
D) variable regions.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) produce plasma cells and memory cells 
B) low numbers circulating in the blood 
C) require antigen presented with MHC proteins 
D) receptors called immunoglobins 
E) mature in the bone marrow 
A) produce plasma cells and memory cells 
B) low numbers circulating in the blood 
C) require antigen presented with MHC proteins 
D) receptors called immunoglobins 
E) mature in the bone marrow

Question 7

Destruction of lymphocytes with self-specificity is called

Accepted Answer

A) clonal deletion. 
B) proliferation. 
C) clonal selection. 
D) differentiation. 
E) hypersensitivity. 
A) clonal deletion. 
B) proliferation. 
C) clonal selection. 
D) differentiation. 
E) hypersensitivity.

Question 8

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except

Accepted Answer

A) has 10 antigen binding sites. 
B) contains a central J chain. 
C) is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell. 
D) can serve as a B-cell receptor. 
E) is a dimer. 
A) has 10 antigen binding sites. 
B) contains a central J chain. 
C) is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell. 
D) can serve as a B-cell receptor. 
E) is a dimer.

Question 9

Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies 
B) plasma cells 
C) T helper cells 
D) memory cells 
E) phagocytotic cells 
A) antibodies 
B) plasma cells 
C) T helper cells 
D) memory cells 
E) phagocytotic cells

Question 10

Cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

A) are activated by free,soluble antigens. 
B) lack specificity for antigen. 
C) secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells. 
D) secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells. 
A) are activated by free,soluble antigens. 
B) lack specificity for antigen. 
C) secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells. 
D) secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells.

Question 11

The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) two identical heavy polypeptide chains. 
B) two identical light polypeptide chains. 
C) disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains. 
D) four antigen binding sites. 
E) a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain. 
A) two identical heavy polypeptide chains. 
B) two identical light polypeptide chains. 
C) disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains. 
D) four antigen binding sites. 
E) a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain.

Question 12

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

A) secrete antibodies. 
B) function in allergic reactions. 
C) directly destroy target cells. 
D) suppress immune reactions. 
E) activate B cells and other T cells. 
A) secrete antibodies. 
B) function in allergic reactions. 
C) directly destroy target cells. 
D) suppress immune reactions. 
E) activate B cells and other T cells.

Question 14

During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary

Question 15

Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule,thereby disrupting their activity?

Accepted Answer

A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response 
A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response

Question 16

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly diversified from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the _____ region.

Accepted Answer

A) variable 
B) joining 
C) constant 
D) light 
E) hinge 
A) variable 
B) joining 
C) constant 
D) light 
E) hinge

Question 17

Class I MHC genes code for

Accepted Answer

A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells. 
A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells.

Question 18

The secondary response to an antigen is more rapid and robust than the primary response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An example of artificial active immunity would be

Accepted Answer

A) chickenpox infection,followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
A) chickenpox infection,followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

Question 20

Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A) is called the crystallizable fragment 
B) forms the antigen binding sites 
C) contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells 
D) contains an effector molecule that can fix complement 
E) determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs 
A) is called the crystallizable fragment 
B) forms the antigen binding sites 
C) contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells 
D) contains an effector molecule that can fix complement 
E) determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs

Exam 15: Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Superantigens are

The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called

What process generates many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens?

The array of potential antibodies to the variety of possible antigens is amazing.Which statement explains this development?

Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Destruction of lymphocytes with self-specificity is called

All of the following are characteristics of IgM except

Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of ____.

Cytotoxic T cells

The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all of the following except

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

Plasma cells

During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?

Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule,thereby disrupting their activity?

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly diversified from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the _____ region.

Class I MHC genes code for

The secondary response to an antigen is more rapid and robust than the primary response.

An example of artificial active immunity would be

Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an immunoglobulin?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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