Question 1

Attachment of animal viruses to the host cell may be by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  a tail. 
B)  the envelope. 
C)  a capsid. 
D)  spikes. 
A)  a tail. 
B)  the envelope. 
C)  a capsid. 
D)  spikes. D

Question 2

A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a

Accepted Answer

A)  virulent or lytic phage. 
B)  latent phage. 
C)  lysogenic phage. 
D)  dormant phage. 
A)  virulent or lytic phage. 
B)  latent phage. 
C)  lysogenic phage. 
D)  dormant phage. A

Question 3

The genome of retroviruses is made of

Accepted Answer

A)  ssDNA. 
B)  dsDNA. 
C)  ssRNA. 
D)  dsRNA. 
A)  ssDNA. 
B)  dsDNA. 
C)  ssRNA. 
D)  dsRNA. C

Question 4

Most phages that contain single-stranded DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  are extruded. 
B)  contain a positive-sense DNA strand. 
C)  have their DNA transformed to double-stranded DNA before replication and transcription occur. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are extruded. 
B)  contain a positive-sense DNA strand. 
C)  have their DNA transformed to double-stranded DNA before replication and transcription occur. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Spongiform encephalopathy occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  cattle. 
C)  sheep. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  humans. 
B)  cattle. 
C)  sheep. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Resistance of some animals to certain viral diseases is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of spikes for attachment. 
B)  phagocytosis of the virus by the host cell. 
C)  the presence of the viral envelope. 
D)  lack of specific receptors on the host cell. 
A)  lack of spikes for attachment. 
B)  phagocytosis of the virus by the host cell. 
C)  the presence of the viral envelope. 
D)  lack of specific receptors on the host cell.

Question 7

What are two ways that phage can replicate in harmony (not directly lysing) their host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugation and lysogeny 
B)  lysogeny and transduction 
C)  extrusion and transformation 
D)  extrusion and lysogeny 
A)  conjugation and lysogeny 
B)  lysogeny and transduction 
C)  extrusion and transformation 
D)  extrusion and lysogeny

Question 8

Prions are

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of RNA virus. 
B)  a form of DNA virus. 
C)  a viroid. 
D)  an infectious protein. 
A)  a form of RNA virus. 
B)  a form of DNA virus. 
C)  a viroid. 
D)  an infectious protein.

Question 9

Prions

Accepted Answer

A)  consist of a special nucleocapsid. 
B)  are made of protein only. 
C)  are made of RNA only. 
D)  are made of dsRNA and protein. 
A)  consist of a special nucleocapsid. 
B)  are made of protein only. 
C)  are made of RNA only. 
D)  are made of dsRNA and protein.

Question 10

In the region of budding, the plasma membrane becomes involved with

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  spike proteins. 
C)  matrix proteins. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  spike proteins AND matrix proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  spike proteins. 
C)  matrix proteins. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  spike proteins AND matrix proteins.

Question 11

A temperate phage

Accepted Answer

A)  may be lysogenic. 
B)  may be lytic. 
C)  enters a lysogenic or lytic life cycle shortly after entering the host cell. 
D)  are all RNA viruses. 
E)  may be lysogenic AND enters a lysogenic or lytic life cycle shortly after entering the host cell. 
A)  may be lysogenic. 
B)  may be lytic. 
C)  enters a lysogenic or lytic life cycle shortly after entering the host cell. 
D)  are all RNA viruses. 
E)  may be lysogenic AND enters a lysogenic or lytic life cycle shortly after entering the host cell.

Question 12

An antibiotic is added to a culture of E. coli cells? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because the machinery inside the cells is most likely still active, even though the cells are no longer living. The virus could use that machinery to replicate new virus particles. 
B)  No, because the virus would depend too much on having the active machinery of a living cell for its replication. Without the ability of the cell to try to replace what is lost/damaged/used as the virus goes through its life cycle, the virus couldn't reproduce effectively. 
C)  Yes, because viruses are capable of reanimating dead cells to force them to produce more virus particles. 
D)  No, because entry of the virus into the target cell is dependent on the cell being alive to conduct endocytosis of the virus. 
A)  Yes, because the machinery inside the cells is most likely still active, even though the cells are no longer living. The virus could use that machinery to replicate new virus particles. 
B)  No, because the virus would depend too much on having the active machinery of a living cell for its replication. Without the ability of the cell to try to replace what is lost/damaged/used as the virus goes through its life cycle, the virus couldn't reproduce effectively. 
C)  Yes, because viruses are capable of reanimating dead cells to force them to produce more virus particles. 
D)  No, because entry of the virus into the target cell is dependent on the cell being alive to conduct endocytosis of the virus.

Question 13

In latent infections, the virions are

Accepted Answer

A)  constantly produced. 
B)  only produced during reactivation. 
C)  produced slowly. 
D)  continually being slowly budded out. 
A)  constantly produced. 
B)  only produced during reactivation. 
C)  produced slowly. 
D)  continually being slowly budded out.

Question 14

During attachment of phage to E. coli, the phage

Accepted Answer

A)  actively seek out the bacteria. 
B)  randomly bump into the bacteria. 
C)  attach to proteins or carbohydrates on the bacterial surface. 
D)  attach to the bacterial RNA. 
E)  randomly bump into the bacteria AND attach to proteins or carbohydrates on the bacterial surface. 
A)  actively seek out the bacteria. 
B)  randomly bump into the bacteria. 
C)  attach to proteins or carbohydrates on the bacterial surface. 
D)  attach to the bacterial RNA. 
E)  randomly bump into the bacteria AND attach to proteins or carbohydrates on the bacterial surface.

Question 15

There are _______ families of DNA containing viruses that infect vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  seven 
A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  seven

Question 16

Viroids cause disease in

Accepted Answer

A)  animals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  fungus. 
A)  animals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  fungus.

Question 17

The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of

Accepted Answer

A)  identical DNA sequences in both. 
B)  the phage's ability to synthesize enzymes to enter the bacterium. 
C)  similar RNA nucleotides in both. 
D)  the similarity in enzyme metabolism. 
E)  the phage's ability to synthesize enzymes to enter the bacterium AND similar RNA nucleotides in both. 
A)  identical DNA sequences in both. 
B)  the phage's ability to synthesize enzymes to enter the bacterium. 
C)  similar RNA nucleotides in both. 
D)  the similarity in enzyme metabolism. 
E)  the phage's ability to synthesize enzymes to enter the bacterium AND similar RNA nucleotides in both.

Question 18

Cells infected with animal viruses lyse because

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of the virions depletes the cell of energy. 
B)  the virus releases enzymes that lyse the cell. 
C)  functions necessary for cell survival are not carried out and the cell dies. 
D)  the virus RNA and cellular protein interact to kill the cell. 
A)  the release of the virions depletes the cell of energy. 
B)  the virus releases enzymes that lyse the cell. 
C)  functions necessary for cell survival are not carried out and the cell dies. 
D)  the virus RNA and cellular protein interact to kill the cell.

Question 19

Capsids are made of a number of capsomeres which are covalently bonded to one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogenic phages. 
B)  lytic phages. 
C)  virulent phages. 
D)  segmented phages. 
A)  lysogenic phages. 
B)  lytic phages. 
C)  virulent phages. 
D)  segmented phages.

Exam 13: Viruses, Viroids and Prions

Attachment of animal viruses to the host cell may be by means of

A phage that replicates inside the host cell and then lyses its host during its release is a

The genome of retroviruses is made of

Most phages that contain single-stranded DNA

Spongiform encephalopathy occurs in

Resistance of some animals to certain viral diseases is based on

What are two ways that phage can replicate in harmony (not directly lysing) their host cell?

Prions are

Prions

In the region of budding, the plasma membrane becomes involved with

A temperate phage

An antibiotic is added to a culture of E. coli cells? Why or why not?

In latent infections, the virions are

During attachment of phage to E. coli, the phage

There are _______ families of DNA containing viruses that infect vertebrates.

Viroids cause disease in

The integration of phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome occurs because of

Cells infected with animal viruses lyse because

Capsids are made of a number of capsomeres which are covalently bonded to one another.

Phages that can either replicate and cause cell lysis or can integrate their DNA into the host DNA are called

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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