Question 1

DNA replication is

Accepted Answer

A)  conservative. 
B)  interspersive. 
C)  semiconservative. 
D)  chain reference. 
A)  conservative. 
B)  interspersive. 
C)  semiconservative. 
D)  chain reference. C

Question 2

Negative control means a regulator molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  bound and transcription starts. 
B)  removed and transcription is inhibited. 
C)  bound and transcription is inhibited. 
D)  removed and transcription starts. 
E)  bound and transcription is inhibited AND removed and transcription starts. 
A)  bound and transcription starts. 
B)  removed and transcription is inhibited. 
C)  bound and transcription is inhibited. 
D)  removed and transcription starts. 
E)  bound and transcription is inhibited AND removed and transcription starts. E

Question 3

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase ______ be a good antibiotic because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  would; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis 
B)  would NOT; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis, even our own cell's DNA synthesis 
C)  would; it would selectively inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis due to differences between bacterial/human gyrase 
D)  would NOT; the DNA replication machinery could still function, even with impaired DNA gyrase enzyme 
A)  would; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis 
B)  would NOT; it would inhibit all DNA synthesis, even our own cell's DNA synthesis 
C)  would; it would selectively inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis due to differences between bacterial/human gyrase 
D)  would NOT; the DNA replication machinery could still function, even with impaired DNA gyrase enzyme C

Question 4

Ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are complexes of ribosomes and RNA. 
B)  are self-catalytic RNA. 
C)  suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins. 
D)  are enzymes that degrade RNA and therefore have potential for clinical applications. 
E)  are self-catalytic RNA AND suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins. 
A)  are complexes of ribosomes and RNA. 
B)  are self-catalytic RNA. 
C)  suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins. 
D)  are enzymes that degrade RNA and therefore have potential for clinical applications. 
E)  are self-catalytic RNA AND suggest that nucleic acids evolved before proteins.

Question 5

Adenine binds to thymine via 3 hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is/are true of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  It starts at the origin of replication. 
B)  Nucleotides are added to the 3' end. 
C)  It requires an RNA primer to get started. 
D)  It utilizes polymerases. 
E)  All of the choices are true. 
A)  It starts at the origin of replication. 
B)  Nucleotides are added to the 3' end. 
C)  It requires an RNA primer to get started. 
D)  It utilizes polymerases. 
E)  All of the choices are true.

Question 7

What structure is indicated by: 10A, 15T, 3G, 7C?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-stranded RNA 
B)  double-stranded DNA 
C)  single-stranded RNA 
D)  single-stranded DNA 
A)  double-stranded RNA 
B)  double-stranded DNA 
C)  single-stranded RNA 
D)  single-stranded DNA

Question 8

A graduate student is trying to isolate bacterial mRNA for an enzyme that will degrade trinitrotoluene (TNT). She's frustrated to find that the enzyme isn't produced when the bacterium in question is grown on nutrient agar. What might she do to solve the problem and obtain the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add nitrogen and toluene to the agar to drive up synthesis of TNT. 
B)  Add TNT to the agar-this will drive synthesis of the enzyme to degrade it, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for. 
C)  Remove glucose from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes. 
D)  Remove all sugars from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes. 
E)  Add TNT to the agar-this will drive synthesis of the enzyme to degrade it, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for AND remove all sugars from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes. 
A)  Add nitrogen and toluene to the agar to drive up synthesis of TNT. 
B)  Add TNT to the agar-this will drive synthesis of the enzyme to degrade it, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for. 
C)  Remove glucose from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes. 
D)  Remove all sugars from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes. 
E)  Add TNT to the agar-this will drive synthesis of the enzyme to degrade it, leading to production of the mRNA the student is looking for AND remove all sugars from the agar-this will cause the bacteria to shift to other compounds for their energy purposes.

Question 9

Which may be or is an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  AGCCTAC 
B)  GGGCCCA 
C)  GCCCUUA 
D)  AGCCTAC AND GGGCCCA 
E)  GGGCCCA AND GCCCUUA 
A)  AGCCTAC 
B)  GGGCCCA 
C)  GCCCUUA 
D)  AGCCTAC AND GGGCCCA 
E)  GGGCCCA AND GCCCUUA

Question 10

RNAi

Accepted Answer

A)  is the form of mRNA that initiates translation. 
B)  uses short pieces of single stranded RNA to direct the degradation of specific RNA transcripts. 
C)  is a mechanism of genetic regulation found in eukaryotes. 
D)  is any chemical that inhibits transcription. 
E)  uses short pieces of single stranded RNA to direct the degradation of specific RNA transcripts AND is a mechanism of genetic regulation found in eukaryotes. 
A)  is the form of mRNA that initiates translation. 
B)  uses short pieces of single stranded RNA to direct the degradation of specific RNA transcripts. 
C)  is a mechanism of genetic regulation found in eukaryotes. 
D)  is any chemical that inhibits transcription. 
E)  uses short pieces of single stranded RNA to direct the degradation of specific RNA transcripts AND is a mechanism of genetic regulation found in eukaryotes.

Question 11

A stop codon

Accepted Answer

A)  codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine. 
B)  forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off. 
C)  codes for no amino acid. 
D)  enhances the binding of the e-polymerase. 
E)  codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine AND forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off. 
A)  codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine. 
B)  forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off. 
C)  codes for no amino acid. 
D)  enhances the binding of the e-polymerase. 
E)  codes for the stop amino acid s-methyl-methionine AND forms a hairpin loop forcing the ribosome to fall off.

Question 12

A new drug has been discovered that inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase III. Is this drug useful for human beings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes-it will inhibit the synthesis of DNA in bacteria, serving as a useful antibiotic. 
B)  No-DNA polymerase III is highly conserved, and it's likely that an inhibitor of the bacterial version would also inhibit the human version, harming our own cell's DNA synthesis. 
C)  Yes-DNA polymerase III is essential for filling in the gaps between Okazaki fragments in bacterial DNA synthesis. Without its function, bacterial DNA synthesis will stop. 
D)  No-there are redundancy mechanisms and polymerases in place (i.e. DNA polymerase I) that could fill in for the impaired DNA polymerase III. 
A)  Yes-it will inhibit the synthesis of DNA in bacteria, serving as a useful antibiotic. 
B)  No-DNA polymerase III is highly conserved, and it's likely that an inhibitor of the bacterial version would also inhibit the human version, harming our own cell's DNA synthesis. 
C)  Yes-DNA polymerase III is essential for filling in the gaps between Okazaki fragments in bacterial DNA synthesis. Without its function, bacterial DNA synthesis will stop. 
D)  No-there are redundancy mechanisms and polymerases in place (i.e. DNA polymerase I) that could fill in for the impaired DNA polymerase III.

Question 13

DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribose. 
B)  Single-stranded. 
C)  Deoxyribose. 
D)  Thymine. 
E)  Deoxyribose AND thymine. 
A)  Ribose. 
B)  Single-stranded. 
C)  Deoxyribose. 
D)  Thymine. 
E)  Deoxyribose AND thymine.

Question 14

The regulatory protein

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to the promoter region of DNA. 
B)  may inhibit or enhance transcription. 
C)  may control translation of the operon. 
D)  affects the activity of the DNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to the promoter region of DNA AND affects the activity of the DNA polymerase. 
A)  binds to the promoter region of DNA. 
B)  may inhibit or enhance transcription. 
C)  may control translation of the operon. 
D)  affects the activity of the DNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to the promoter region of DNA AND affects the activity of the DNA polymerase.

Question 15

A codon consists of 2 nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which is not true of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually single-stranded. 
B)  It functions in the cytoplasm. 
C)  It contains uracil. 
D)  It contains ribose. 
E)  There are 4 functional types. 
A)  It is usually single-stranded. 
B)  It functions in the cytoplasm. 
C)  It contains uracil. 
D)  It contains ribose. 
E)  There are 4 functional types.

Question 17

There are _____ codons to code for the 20 possible amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  30 
C)  64 
D)  61 
A)  20 
B)  30 
C)  64 
D)  61

Question 18

Rotating the following answers any way necessary, but NOT changing their sequence, which is/are complementary to the sequence 5' AGGCUAAC 3'?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' TCCGATTG 3' 
B)  3' TCCGATTC 5' 
C)  5' CTTAGCCT 3' 
D)  3' TAAGCTTA 5' 
E)  3' TCCGATTC 5' AND 5' CTTAGCCT 3' 
A)  5' TCCGATTG 3' 
B)  3' TCCGATTC 5' 
C)  5' CTTAGCCT 3' 
D)  3' TAAGCTTA 5' 
E)  3' TCCGATTC 5' AND 5' CTTAGCCT 3'

Question 19

Signal transduction

Accepted Answer

A)  is the relay of information about conditions outside a cell to inside the cell. 
B)  often relies on a two component system. 
C)  may involve phosphorylation of various molecules. 
D)  is used by certain pathogens to sense low magnesium conditions. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  is the relay of information about conditions outside a cell to inside the cell. 
B)  often relies on a two component system. 
C)  may involve phosphorylation of various molecules. 
D)  is used by certain pathogens to sense low magnesium conditions. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The lac operon

Accepted Answer

A)  is an example of negative control. 
B)  is affected by catabolite repression. 
C)  produces lactose. 
D)  is an example of a regulon. 
E)  is an example of negative control AND is affected by catabolite repression. 
A)  is an example of negative control. 
B)  is affected by catabolite repression. 
C)  produces lactose. 
D)  is an example of a regulon. 
E)  is an example of negative control AND is affected by catabolite repression.

Exam 7: The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

DNA replication is

Negative control means a regulator molecule is

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase ______ be a good antibiotic because _______.

Ribozymes

Adenine binds to thymine via 3 hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following is/are true of DNA replication?

What structure is indicated by: 10A, 15T, 3G, 7C?

A graduate student is trying to isolate bacterial mRNA for an enzyme that will degrade trinitrotoluene (TNT). She's frustrated to find that the enzyme isn't produced when the bacterium in question is grown on nutrient agar. What might she do to solve the problem and obtain the mRNA?

Which may be or is an RNA molecule?

RNAi

A stop codon

A new drug has been discovered that inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase III. Is this drug useful for human beings?

DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s)?

The regulatory protein

A codon consists of 2 nucleotides.

Which is not true of RNA?

There are _____ codons to code for the 20 possible amino acids.

Rotating the following answers any way necessary, but NOT changing their sequence, which is/are complementary to the sequence 5' AGGCUAAC 3'?

Signal transduction

The lac operon

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

Filters

A drug that inhibits the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase be a good antibiotic because _.