Question 1

Capsules

Accepted Answer

A)  take up stain well. 
B)  may correlate with an organism's ability to cause disease. 
C)  are typically "negatively" stained. 
D)  are stained as a wet mount. 
E)  may correlate with an organism's ability to cause disease, are typically "negatively" stained AND are stained as a wet mount. 
A)  take up stain well. 
B)  may correlate with an organism's ability to cause disease. 
C)  are typically "negatively" stained. 
D)  are stained as a wet mount. 
E)  may correlate with an organism's ability to cause disease, are typically "negatively" stained AND are stained as a wet mount. E

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B)  members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C)  defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D)  able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E)  less complex than prokaryotic cells, members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea AND able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
A)  less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B)  members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C)  defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D)  able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E)  less complex than prokaryotic cells, members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea AND able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. C

Question 3

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  transport proteins. 
D)  secretion. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  transport proteins. 
D)  secretion. C

Question 4

Which molecules are associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  D-form amino acids 
C)  teichoic acids 
D)  LPS 
E)  peptidoglycan, D-form amino acids AND teichoic acids 
A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  D-form amino acids 
C)  teichoic acids 
D)  LPS 
E)  peptidoglycan, D-form amino acids AND teichoic acids

Question 5

Which is(are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It determines the shape of the bacteria. 
B)  It prevents the bacteria from bursting. 
C)  It contains peptidoglycan. 
D)  It may be targeted by antimicrobials. 
E)  All of the choices are true. 
A)  It determines the shape of the bacteria. 
B)  It prevents the bacteria from bursting. 
C)  It contains peptidoglycan. 
D)  It may be targeted by antimicrobials. 
E)  All of the choices are true.

Question 6

The macromolecule found in the cell walls of all bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  diaminopimelic acid. 
B)  teichoic acid. 
C)  peptidoglycan. 
D)  glycocalyx. 
A)  diaminopimelic acid. 
B)  teichoic acid. 
C)  peptidoglycan. 
D)  glycocalyx.

Question 7

Prokaryotes may ingest particles via phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Endotoxin

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of LPS. 
B)  determines bacterial shape. 
C)  may have different effects depending on the specific bacterial source. 
D)  is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains. 
E)  determines bacterial shape, may have different effects depending on the specific bacterial source AND is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains. 
A)  consists of LPS. 
B)  determines bacterial shape. 
C)  may have different effects depending on the specific bacterial source. 
D)  is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains. 
E)  determines bacterial shape, may have different effects depending on the specific bacterial source AND is toxic due to the effects of the peptide side chains.

Question 9

If everything else is equal, the best way to observe more details in a microscopic specimen is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase resolution. 
B)  increase magnification. 
A)  increase resolution. 
B)  increase magnification.

Question 10

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema pallidum 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
A)  Treponema pallidum 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 11

Lysosomes are bags of digestive enzymes found in prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Movement in bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B)  relies on the beating of cilia. 
C)  is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D)  may involve pili. 
E)  is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili. 
A)  is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B)  relies on the beating of cilia. 
C)  is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D)  may involve pili. 
E)  is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili.

Question 13

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  transport proteins. 
B)  permeases. 
C)  carriers. 
D)  peptidases. 
E)  transport proteins, permeases AND carriers. 
A)  transport proteins. 
B)  permeases. 
C)  carriers. 
D)  peptidases. 
E)  transport proteins, permeases AND carriers.

Question 14

The cytoskeleton

Accepted Answer

A)  is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
B)  is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C)  consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D)  is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E)  is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell, consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
A)  is a dynamic structure composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. 
B)  is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell. 
C)  consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized. 
D)  is not necessary for movement or reproduction. 
E)  is a static structure that gives a rigid shape to the cell, consists of flagella and cilia that are internalized AND is not necessary for movement or reproduction.

Question 15

Which term(s) refer(s) to bacterial morphology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus 
B)  coccus 
C)  bacillus 
D)  polyhedral 
E)  coccus AND bacillus 
A)  Bacillus 
B)  coccus 
C)  bacillus 
D)  polyhedral 
E)  coccus AND bacillus

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

Accepted Answer

A)  both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B)  are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C)  both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D)  both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E)  both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
A)  both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B)  are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C)  both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D)  both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E)  both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require an expenditure of energy in order to transport the molecules.

Question 17

An electron microscope must use electromagnet 'lenses' shaped like donuts to direct the electrons onto the specimen. Why aren't they solid, like the lenses in a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  A magnetic field cannot be applied across a completely solid object-there must be an opening within the object for the field to be applied through. 
B)  The user has to be able to physically look through the magnets to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen, since the metal of the magnets is opaque. Without a hole in the middle, the user wouldn't be able to see! 
C)  The electrons would destroy the electromagnet material unless there was a physical hole for them to travel through on their way to the specimen. 
D)  Electrons are particles, and particles cannot travel through a solid item. The hole in the middle allows them to travel from the source of the electrons to the specimen. 
A)  A magnetic field cannot be applied across a completely solid object-there must be an opening within the object for the field to be applied through. 
B)  The user has to be able to physically look through the magnets to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen, since the metal of the magnets is opaque. Without a hole in the middle, the user wouldn't be able to see! 
C)  The electrons would destroy the electromagnet material unless there was a physical hole for them to travel through on their way to the specimen. 
D)  Electrons are particles, and particles cannot travel through a solid item. The hole in the middle allows them to travel from the source of the electrons to the specimen.

Question 18

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall structure. 
B)  cell membrane permeability. 
C)  presence or absence of flagella. 
D)  detergent susceptibility. 
A)  cell wall structure. 
B)  cell membrane permeability. 
C)  presence or absence of flagella. 
D)  detergent susceptibility.

Question 19

A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug

Accepted Answer

A)  would be highly toxic and completely useless for human beings-we also have plasma membranes with hydrophilic head groups! 
B)  would be highly toxic only to bacteria, making it an excellent drug to develop and test further. Humans have a different phospholipid structure in their cell plasma membranes than bacteria. 
C)  would generally not be toxic enough to damage Gram-negative bacteria, as their plasma membranes lie under a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
D)  would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream. The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells. It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings. 
A)  would be highly toxic and completely useless for human beings-we also have plasma membranes with hydrophilic head groups! 
B)  would be highly toxic only to bacteria, making it an excellent drug to develop and test further. Humans have a different phospholipid structure in their cell plasma membranes than bacteria. 
C)  would generally not be toxic enough to damage Gram-negative bacteria, as their plasma membranes lie under a thick layer of peptidoglycan. 
D)  would be highly toxic for human beings, but might be useful as a topical antibiotic skin cream. The top layer of skin cells is dead anyway, so it wouldn't matter if this damaged those cells. It could NOT be taken internally, though, by human beings.

Question 20

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

A)  contain peptidoglycan. 
B)  contain sterols for "strength". 
C)  contain ergosterol. 
D)  are fixed static structures. 
A)  contain peptidoglycan. 
B)  contain sterols for "strength". 
C)  contain ergosterol. 
D)  are fixed static structures.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Capsules

Eukaryotic cells are

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

Which molecules are associated with the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Which is(are) true concerning the cell wall of prokaryotes?

The macromolecule found in the cell walls of all bacteria is

Prokaryotes may ingest particles via phagocytosis.

Endotoxin

If everything else is equal, the best way to observe more details in a microscopic specimen is to

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall?

Lysosomes are bags of digestive enzymes found in prokaryotic cells.

Movement in bacteria

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell, are called

The cytoskeleton

Which term(s) refer(s) to bacterial morphology?

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

An electron microscope must use electromagnet 'lenses' shaped like donuts to direct the electrons onto the specimen. Why aren't they solid, like the lenses in a light microscope?

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

A research lab is trying to produce new antibiotics. They come up with drugs that detach the hydrophilic heads from the phospholipids in plasma membranes. This drug

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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