Question 1

Normal motor control requires that the basal nuclei

Accepted Answer

A) Provide a perceptual awareness related to specific sensory inputs from the eyes, nose and mouth 
B) Provide a general perceptual awareness associated with general somatosensory inputs from the skin, muscles and joints 
C) Provide a sense of the cause and effect relationships between one's actions and the consequences of taking these actions - before executing them 
D) Participate in a looping neuronal circuit through which motor impulses are sent to facilitate or suppress movements 
E) Both provide a perceptual awareness related to specific sensory inputs from the eyes, nose and mouth and provide a general perceptual awareness associated with general somatosensory inputs from the skin, muscles and joints are correct 
A) Provide a perceptual awareness related to specific sensory inputs from the eyes, nose and mouth 
B) Provide a general perceptual awareness associated with general somatosensory inputs from the skin, muscles and joints 
C) Provide a sense of the cause and effect relationships between one's actions and the consequences of taking these actions - before executing them 
D) Participate in a looping neuronal circuit through which motor impulses are sent to facilitate or suppress movements 
E) Both provide a perceptual awareness related to specific sensory inputs from the eyes, nose and mouth and provide a general perceptual awareness associated with general somatosensory inputs from the skin, muscles and joints are correct

Question 2

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include

Accepted Answer

A) Flaccid paralysis 
B) Intention tremor 
C) Resting tremor 
D) Both flaccid paralysis and intention tremor 
E) Both flaccid paralysis and resting tremor 
A) Flaccid paralysis 
B) Intention tremor 
C) Resting tremor 
D) Both flaccid paralysis and intention tremor 
E) Both flaccid paralysis and resting tremor

Question 3

The flexor (withdrawal)reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Has a monosynaptic component 
B) Is initiated by stretching muscle spindle fibers 
C) Is initiated by stimulation of the Golgi tendon organ 
D) Stimulates contraction of the ipsilateral flexor muscle and inhibits contraction of the ipsilateral extensor muscle 
E) Both has a monosynaptic component and is initiated by stretching muscle spindle fibers are correct 
A) Has a monosynaptic component 
B) Is initiated by stretching muscle spindle fibers 
C) Is initiated by stimulation of the Golgi tendon organ 
D) Stimulates contraction of the ipsilateral flexor muscle and inhibits contraction of the ipsilateral extensor muscle 
E) Both has a monosynaptic component and is initiated by stretching muscle spindle fibers are correct

Question 4

Reflexes triggered by the activation of muscle spindles

Accepted Answer

A) Have a monosynaptic component 
B) Result in activation of alpha and gamma motor neurons 
C) Result in the contraction of muscle spindle fibers 
D) Include the "knee jerk" reflex 
E) Do all of these things 
A) Have a monosynaptic component 
B) Result in activation of alpha and gamma motor neurons 
C) Result in the contraction of muscle spindle fibers 
D) Include the "knee jerk" reflex 
E) Do all of these things

Question 5

The corticospinal pathways

Accepted Answer

A) Are descending motor pathways 
B) Begin in the cortex of the cerebellum 
C) Consist of many interneurons linked synaptically 
D) Both are descending motor pathways and begin in the cortex of the cerebellum are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Are descending motor pathways 
B) Begin in the cortex of the cerebellum 
C) Consist of many interneurons linked synaptically 
D) Both are descending motor pathways and begin in the cortex of the cerebellum are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 6

Afferent information about body movement is integrated at the level of the interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Once a planned movement is under way,it is usually carried out with no further modifications until it is finished.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In general,the brain stem descending pathways have greater influence over motor neurons controlling muscles involved in fine movements and the corticospinal pathways are more involved in the coordination of large muscle groups and postural muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Local interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons

Accepted Answer

A) Receive input from receptors in the muscle that is innervated by the motor neurons 
B) Receive information from muscles that are antagonistic to the one innervated by the motor neurons 
C) May be inhibitory 
D) Both receive input from receptors in the muscle that is innervated by the motor neurons and receive information from muscles that are antagonistic to the one innervated by the motor neurons are correct 
E) Do all of these things 
A) Receive input from receptors in the muscle that is innervated by the motor neurons 
B) Receive information from muscles that are antagonistic to the one innervated by the motor neurons 
C) May be inhibitory 
D) Both receive input from receptors in the muscle that is innervated by the motor neurons and receive information from muscles that are antagonistic to the one innervated by the motor neurons are correct 
E) Do all of these things

Question 10

The motor neuron pool of a skeletal muscle comprises the innervation of all of the motor units of that muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Practicing a movement allows for "fine tuning" the original program so that the movement can be executed with fewer corrections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The activity of alpha motor neurons innervating an extensor muscle can be inhibited by activation of the Golgi tendon organs near the muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Excitatory and inhibitory interneurons are activated to release their particular neurotransmitters,only upon sufficient sensory action potentials conveyed from sensory receptors associated with muscle tension,the states of activity in muscles and joints in addition to various regions of the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Muscle tone

Accepted Answer

A) Is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch 
B) Is absent in a normal relaxed limb 
C) Increases as a relaxed person becomes alert 
D) Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and is absent in a normal relaxed limb are correct 
E) Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and increases as a relaxed person becomes alert are correct 
A) Is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch 
B) Is absent in a normal relaxed limb 
C) Increases as a relaxed person becomes alert 
D) Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and is absent in a normal relaxed limb are correct 
E) Both is defined as the resistance of muscle to continuous passive stretch and increases as a relaxed person becomes alert are correct

Question 15

Inhibitory input to motor neurons is as important for normal muscle function as excitatory input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

During motor activity,alpha-gamma coactivation provides important information regarding muscle length to the higher motor control centers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The cyclic pattern of movement that results in walking is

Accepted Answer

A) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord 
B) Controlled by central pattern generators 
C) Independent of control from higher brain areas 
D) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord and controlled by central pattern generators 
E) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord and independent of control from higher brain areas 
A) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord 
B) Controlled by central pattern generators 
C) Independent of control from higher brain areas 
D) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord and controlled by central pattern generators 
E) "wired in" at the level of the brain stem and spinal cord and independent of control from higher brain areas

Question 18

The contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A) Shortens the muscle spindle 
B) Is important for the detection of extrafusal muscle relaxation 
C) Is stimulated by gamma motor neuron activation 
D) Both shortens the muscle spindle and is important for the detection of extrafusal muscle relaxation are correct 
E) Both shortens the muscle spindle and is stimulated by gamma motor neuron activation are correct 
A) Shortens the muscle spindle 
B) Is important for the detection of extrafusal muscle relaxation 
C) Is stimulated by gamma motor neuron activation 
D) Both shortens the muscle spindle and is important for the detection of extrafusal muscle relaxation are correct 
E) Both shortens the muscle spindle and is stimulated by gamma motor neuron activation are correct

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding disorders of body movement is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

A) In Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired 
B) Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement 
C) Symptoms of damage to the cerebellum include difficulty in maintaining balance while walking 
D) Both in Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired and symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) In Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired 
B) Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement 
C) Symptoms of damage to the cerebellum include difficulty in maintaining balance while walking 
D) Both in Parkinson's disease, input from the basal ganglia to the thalamus is impaired and symptoms of Parkinson's disease include impairment of the ability to initiate voluntary movement are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 20

In Parkinson's disease,the specific cause of difficulty is the

Accepted Answer

A) Enhanced sensitivity of cholinergic receptors to acetylcholine 
B) Reduced ability of neurons in the substantia nigra to release dopamine 
C) Failure of serotonin receptors to bind with these neurohormones 
D) Hyperactivity of metabolic enzymes that degrade dopamine 
E) Natural tendency of basal nuclei to follow a daily recurring, oscillating cycle of rising and falling norepinephrine release 
A) Enhanced sensitivity of cholinergic receptors to acetylcholine 
B) Reduced ability of neurons in the substantia nigra to release dopamine 
C) Failure of serotonin receptors to bind with these neurohormones 
D) Hyperactivity of metabolic enzymes that degrade dopamine 
E) Natural tendency of basal nuclei to follow a daily recurring, oscillating cycle of rising and falling norepinephrine release

Normal motor control requires that the basal nuclei

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include

The flexor (withdrawal)reflex

Reflexes triggered by the activation of muscle spindles

The corticospinal pathways

Afferent information about body movement is integrated at the level of the interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons.

Once a planned movement is under way,it is usually carried out with no further modifications until it is finished.

In general,the brain stem descending pathways have greater influence over motor neurons controlling muscles involved in fine movements and the corticospinal pathways are more involved in the coordination of large muscle groups and postural muscles.

Local interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons

The motor neuron pool of a skeletal muscle comprises the innervation of all of the motor units of that muscle.

Practicing a movement allows for "fine tuning" the original program so that the movement can be executed with fewer corrections.

The activity of alpha motor neurons innervating an extensor muscle can be inhibited by activation of the Golgi tendon organs near the muscle.

Excitatory and inhibitory interneurons are activated to release their particular neurotransmitters,only upon sufficient sensory action potentials conveyed from sensory receptors associated with muscle tension,the states of activity in muscles and joints in addition to various regions of the skin.

Muscle tone

Inhibitory input to motor neurons is as important for normal muscle function as excitatory input.

During motor activity,alpha-gamma coactivation provides important information regarding muscle length to the higher motor control centers.

The cyclic pattern of movement that results in walking is

The contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

Which of the following statements regarding disorders of body movement is/are correct?

In Parkinson's disease,the specific cause of difficulty is the

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

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Exam 10: Control of Body Movement

Normal motor control requires that the basal nuclei

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include

The flexor (withdrawal)reflex

Reflexes triggered by the activation of muscle spindles

The corticospinal pathways

Afferent information about body movement is integrated at the level of the interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons.

Once a planned movement is under way,it is usually carried out with no further modifications until it is finished.

In general,the brain stem descending pathways have greater influence over motor neurons controlling muscles involved in fine movements and the corticospinal pathways are more involved in the coordination of large muscle groups and postural muscles.

Local interneurons controlling the firing of motor neurons

The motor neuron pool of a skeletal muscle comprises the innervation of all of the motor units of that muscle.

Practicing a movement allows for "fine tuning" the original program so that the movement can be executed with fewer corrections.

The activity of alpha motor neurons innervating an extensor muscle can be inhibited by activation of the Golgi tendon organs near the muscle.

Excitatory and inhibitory interneurons are activated to release their particular neurotransmitters,only upon sufficient sensory action potentials conveyed from sensory receptors associated with muscle tension,the states of activity in muscles and joints in addition to various regions of the skin.

Muscle tone

Inhibitory input to motor neurons is as important for normal muscle function as excitatory input.

During motor activity,alpha-gamma coactivation provides important information regarding muscle length to the higher motor control centers.

The cyclic pattern of movement that results in walking is

The contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

Which of the following statements regarding disorders of body movement is/are correct?

In Parkinson's disease,the specific cause of difficulty is the

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters