Question 1

In regard to DNA,an exon is defined as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  segment of DNA that is represented in a mature strand of mRNA and is translated into protein. 
B)  sequence of nucleotides recognized by RNA polymerase as the initiation point of transcription. 
C)  segment of DNA that is transcribed but removed from mRNA by excision and is not translated into protein. 
D)  sequence of three base pairs that signal initiation or termination of replication. 
A)  segment of DNA that is represented in a mature strand of mRNA and is translated into protein. 
B)  sequence of nucleotides recognized by RNA polymerase as the initiation point of transcription. 
C)  segment of DNA that is transcribed but removed from mRNA by excision and is not translated into protein. 
D)  sequence of three base pairs that signal initiation or termination of replication. A

Question 2

In regard to replication,the "parent" strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):

Accepted Answer

A)  is completely excised by exonuclease enzymes when replication of the strand is complete. 
B)  has a sequence that is complementary (opposite)to the daughter strand being replicated. 
C)  is also referred to as the "leading" strand. 
D)  will be copied by DNA polymerase I to form a new daughter DNA strand. 
A)  is completely excised by exonuclease enzymes when replication of the strand is complete. 
B)  has a sequence that is complementary (opposite)to the daughter strand being replicated. 
C)  is also referred to as the "leading" strand. 
D)  will be copied by DNA polymerase I to form a new daughter DNA strand. B

Question 3

Transfer RNA (tRNA):

Accepted Answer

A)  contains the anticodon region that binds to mRNA codon in the ribosome. 
B)  is a macromolecular complex containing ribosomal RNA. 
C)  contains the codon sequence that synthesizes an amino acid. 
D)  is a noncoding RNA. 
A)  contains the anticodon region that binds to mRNA codon in the ribosome. 
B)  is a macromolecular complex containing ribosomal RNA. 
C)  contains the codon sequence that synthesizes an amino acid. 
D)  is a noncoding RNA. A

Question 4

Regarding transcription,the proteins that help to position eukaryotic RNA polymerase II at the core promoter region are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  activators. 
B)  elongation factors. 
C)  general transcription factors. 
D)  site-specific positioning proteins. 
A)  activators. 
B)  elongation factors. 
C)  general transcription factors. 
D)  site-specific positioning proteins.

Question 5

In regard to DNA structure,a sugar/phosphate group with its attached base is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  base pair. 
B)  codon. 
C)  anticodon. 
D)  nucleotide. 
A)  base pair. 
B)  codon. 
C)  anticodon. 
D)  nucleotide.

Question 6

The protective nucleotide sequences that are located on the end of a chromosome and make up part of constitutive heterochromatin is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  centromere. 
B)  nucleosome 
C)  acromere. 
D)  telomere. 
A)  centromere. 
B)  nucleosome 
C)  acromere. 
D)  telomere.

Question 7

If 30% of the nucleotides in a genome are A (adenine),what would be the percentage of nucleotides that are G (guanine)?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
A)  20% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  60%

Question 8

The expressed function or biological effect of a gene product is termed a:

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype. 
B)  promoter. 
C)  codon. 
D)  phenotype. 
A)  genotype. 
B)  promoter. 
C)  codon. 
D)  phenotype.

Question 9

DNA replication is referred to as semiconservative because:

Accepted Answer

A)  only some DNA sequences are duplicated during the cell cycle. 
B)  certain amino acids can be synthesized by more than one codon. 
C)  newly duplicated DNA molecules are composed of one parent and one daughter strand. 
D)  it can only occur in the 5' to 3' direction. 
A)  only some DNA sequences are duplicated during the cell cycle. 
B)  certain amino acids can be synthesized by more than one codon. 
C)  newly duplicated DNA molecules are composed of one parent and one daughter strand. 
D)  it can only occur in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 10

The conversion of an mRNA sequence into a string of covalently bonded amino acids is a process referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  redundancy. 
D)  promotion. 
A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  redundancy. 
D)  promotion.

Question 11

A noncoding RNA is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is involved in the synthesis of protein by acting as an intermediate. 
B)  encodes for amino acids only. 
C)  has a biological function but does not code for a protein. 
D)  contains an anticodon. 
A)  is involved in the synthesis of protein by acting as an intermediate. 
B)  encodes for amino acids only. 
C)  has a biological function but does not code for a protein. 
D)  contains an anticodon.

Question 12

The most basic level of chromatin organization that is present as repeated units along the full length of each chromosome is represented by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  histone. 
B)  nucleosome. 
C)  purine. 
D)  spliceosome. 
A)  histone. 
B)  nucleosome. 
C)  purine. 
D)  spliceosome.

Question 13

The conversion of mRNA nucleotide sequences and the tRNA-attached amino acids into a polypeptide is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  restriction. 
A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  restriction.

Question 14

In regard to excision of introns and splicing of exons in a primary RNA transcript,the spliceosome is made up of:

Accepted Answer

A)  noncoding RNAs. 
B)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. 
C)  histone proteins and DNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
A)  noncoding RNAs. 
B)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. 
C)  histone proteins and DNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA.

Question 15

DNA methylation as a means of regulating gene expression is restricted to which of the following bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guanine bases in the dinucleotide sequence GC 
B)  Cytosine bases in the base pair CG 
C)  Cytosine bases in the dinucleotide sequence CG 
D)  Guanine bases in the base pair GC 
A)  Guanine bases in the dinucleotide sequence GC 
B)  Cytosine bases in the base pair CG 
C)  Cytosine bases in the dinucleotide sequence CG 
D)  Guanine bases in the base pair GC

Question 16

Which one of the following sequences contains a signal that indicates the end of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' GUG ACU AGG UGG CGA CCC UAU 3' 
B)  5' AAC CGA CUC AUC CAG GUA UAA 3' 
C)  5' ACC CGA CCA UCC AGG CUG AGG 3' 
D)  5' AGC CGA CUC AUC AGG UUU GAU 3' 
A)  5' GUG ACU AGG UGG CGA CCC UAU 3' 
B)  5' AAC CGA CUC AUC CAG GUA UAA 3' 
C)  5' ACC CGA CCA UCC AGG CUG AGG 3' 
D)  5' AGC CGA CUC AUC AGG UUU GAU 3'

Question 17

Which one of the following statements concerning mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudogenes are DNA segments that share significant homology with mtDNA. 
B)  mtDNA is circular and contains approximately 16,500 base pairs. 
C)  mtDNA is transmitted by maternal inheritance. 
D)  The mutation rate of mtDNA is 20 times lower than that of nuclear DNA. 
A)  Pseudogenes are DNA segments that share significant homology with mtDNA. 
B)  mtDNA is circular and contains approximately 16,500 base pairs. 
C)  mtDNA is transmitted by maternal inheritance. 
D)  The mutation rate of mtDNA is 20 times lower than that of nuclear DNA.

Question 18

The main goal of the ENCODE Project is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  identify all functional elements within the human genome. 
B)  catalog and interpret genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. 
C)  decipher the 3 billion base pairs that make up the human genome. 
D)  study heritable variations across the human genome. 
A)  identify all functional elements within the human genome. 
B)  catalog and interpret genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. 
C)  decipher the 3 billion base pairs that make up the human genome. 
D)  study heritable variations across the human genome.

Question 19

During replication,the addition of bases occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the 5' to 3' direction. 
B)  in the 3' to 5' direction. 
C)  in both the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' direction. 
D)  only at the methylated end of a DNA strand. 
A)  in the 5' to 3' direction. 
B)  in the 3' to 5' direction. 
C)  in both the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' direction. 
D)  only at the methylated end of a DNA strand.

Question 20

In regard to transcription,an example of a core promoter sequence on a DNA strand is the TATA box.Core promoters are:

Accepted Answer

A)  codons that signal specific enzymes to terminate replication. 
B)  segments of DNA that are represented in mature RNA and are translated into protein. 
C)  sequences of nucleotides that are recognized by RNA polymerase II and that control the initiation of transcription. 
D)  codons that signal the initiation of replication. 
A)  codons that signal specific enzymes to terminate replication. 
B)  segments of DNA that are represented in mature RNA and are translated into protein. 
C)  sequences of nucleotides that are recognized by RNA polymerase II and that control the initiation of transcription. 
D)  codons that signal the initiation of replication.

Exam 47: Principles of Molecular Biology

In regard to DNA,an exon is defined as a:

In regard to replication,the "parent" strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):

Transfer RNA (tRNA):

Regarding transcription,the proteins that help to position eukaryotic RNA polymerase II at the core promoter region are referred to as:

In regard to DNA structure,a sugar/phosphate group with its attached base is referred to as a(n):

The protective nucleotide sequences that are located on the end of a chromosome and make up part of constitutive heterochromatin is referred to as the:

If 30% of the nucleotides in a genome are A (adenine),what would be the percentage of nucleotides that are G (guanine)?

The expressed function or biological effect of a gene product is termed a:

DNA replication is referred to as semiconservative because:

The conversion of an mRNA sequence into a string of covalently bonded amino acids is a process referred to as:

A noncoding RNA is one that:

The most basic level of chromatin organization that is present as repeated units along the full length of each chromosome is represented by the:

The conversion of mRNA nucleotide sequences and the tRNA-attached amino acids into a polypeptide is referred to as:

In regard to excision of introns and splicing of exons in a primary RNA transcript,the spliceosome is made up of:

DNA methylation as a means of regulating gene expression is restricted to which of the following bases?

Which one of the following sequences contains a signal that indicates the end of a protein?

Which one of the following statements concerning mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)is incorrect?

The main goal of the ENCODE Project is to:

During replication,the addition of bases occurs:

In regard to transcription,an example of a core promoter sequence on a DNA strand is the TATA box.Core promoters are:

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