Question 1

A virus does not need as much nucleic acid for the production of protein as bacteria do because:

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses use the DNA of the cells that they infect to produce protein. 
B)  viruses contain high sequence variation. 
C)  there are no introns in the viral genome. 
D)  it uses plasmids to synthesize protein instead of DNA. 
A)  viruses use the DNA of the cells that they infect to produce protein. 
B)  viruses contain high sequence variation. 
C)  there are no introns in the viral genome. 
D)  it uses plasmids to synthesize protein instead of DNA. A

Question 2

The major difference between single nucleotide variants (SNVs)and copy number variants (CNVs)is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  SNVs are duplicated in tandem and involve complex gains or losses of homologous sequences,whereas CNVs involve simple sequence changes. 
B)  CNVs occur in stretches of DNA ranging from 100 to millions of bases in size,whereas SNVs involve single base changes. 
C)  SNVs are always associated with disease,whereas CNVs are not. 
D)  SNVs are involved in gene amplification by producing more than two functional genes in a genome. 
A)  SNVs are duplicated in tandem and involve complex gains or losses of homologous sequences,whereas CNVs involve simple sequence changes. 
B)  CNVs occur in stretches of DNA ranging from 100 to millions of bases in size,whereas SNVs involve single base changes. 
C)  SNVs are always associated with disease,whereas CNVs are not. 
D)  SNVs are involved in gene amplification by producing more than two functional genes in a genome. B

Question 3

An example of epigenetic variation that affects gene expression would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  heteroplasmy. 
B)  chromosomal translocation. 
C)  copy number alteration. 
D)  histone modifications. 
A)  heteroplasmy. 
B)  chromosomal translocation. 
C)  copy number alteration. 
D)  histone modifications. D

Question 4

A single nucleotide variant that produces a misplaced termination codon in a polypeptide chain results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  a frameshift mutation. 
B)  premature polypeptide chain termination. 
C)  chromosomal translocation. 
D)  a trinucleotide repeat. 
A)  a frameshift mutation. 
B)  premature polypeptide chain termination. 
C)  chromosomal translocation. 
D)  a trinucleotide repeat.

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of genomic DNA is required to maintain the structure of chromosomes as centromeres and telomeres?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  20% 
D)  2% 
A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  20% 
D)  2%

Question 6

Which one of the following statements regarding the human genome below is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mobile genetic elements (transposons)comprise almost half of the human genome. 
B)  An intron is located within a transposon segment of a chromosome. 
C)  Genes that contain instructions for making proteins are located in transposons. 
D)  Unique sequences that code for protein make up only 10% of the human genome. 
A)  Mobile genetic elements (transposons)comprise almost half of the human genome. 
B)  An intron is located within a transposon segment of a chromosome. 
C)  Genes that contain instructions for making proteins are located in transposons. 
D)  Unique sequences that code for protein make up only 10% of the human genome.

Question 7

A single nucleotide variant (SNV)that produces a misplaced termination codon in a polypeptide chain is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  missense variant. 
B)  transposon. 
C)  copy number variant. 
D)  nonsense variant. 
A)  missense variant. 
B)  transposon. 
C)  copy number variant. 
D)  nonsense variant.

Question 8

Polymorphic repeated DNA sequences that are sometimes referred to as minisatellite sequences and are between 14 and 500 base pairs in length are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons. 
B)  a variable number of tandem repeats. 
C)  a restriction endonuclease. 
D)  short tandem repeats. 
A)  transposons. 
B)  a variable number of tandem repeats. 
C)  a restriction endonuclease. 
D)  short tandem repeats.

Question 9

In the following sequences,the normal amino acid sequence is given first followed by a sequence that is produced by a sequence alteration.Identify the type of sequence alteration that most likely causes the altered amino acid sequence. Normal Sequence: Phe-Asn-Pro-Thr-Arg
Mutated Sequence: Phe-Asn-Pro
What type of sequence alteration most likely caused the mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indel 
B)  Missense 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  There is no alteration. 
A)  Indel 
B)  Missense 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  There is no alteration.

Question 10

On average,how much of a gene sequence is removed as introns,leaving the exons to be spliced together and translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  95% 
C)  50% 
D)  1% 
A)  100% 
B)  95% 
C)  50% 
D)  1%

Question 11

If you were interested in studying plasmid structure,which one of the following cell types would be appropriate for you to examine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human cells 
B)  Fungal cells 
C)  Bacterial cells 
D)  All cell types 
A)  Human cells 
B)  Fungal cells 
C)  Bacterial cells 
D)  All cell types

Question 12

Which one of the following is a similarity between bacterial and human genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of chromosomes 
B)  Structure of chromosomes 
C)  Number of genes 
D)  Presence of double-stranded DNA 
A)  Number of chromosomes 
B)  Structure of chromosomes 
C)  Number of genes 
D)  Presence of double-stranded DNA

Question 13

Copy number variants comprise approximately what percent of the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  10% 
D)  0.5% 
A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  10% 
D)  0.5%

Question 14

In the following sequences,the normal amino acid sequence is given first followed by the sequence that is produced by a sequence alteration.Identify the type of sequence alteration that most likely causes the altered amino acid sequence. Normal Sequence: Phe-Asn-Pro-Thr-Arg
Mutated Sequence: Phe-His-Pro-Thr-Arg
What type of sequence alteration most likely caused the mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indel 
B)  Missense 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  There is no alteration. 
A)  Indel 
B)  Missense 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  There is no alteration.

Question 15

Polymorphic DNA sequences that are short tandem repeats 1 to 13 base pairs in length are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  microsatellites. 
B)  minisatellite DNA. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  transposable elements. 
A)  microsatellites. 
B)  minisatellite DNA. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  transposable elements.

Exam 49: Genomes and Nucleic Acid Alterations

A virus does not need as much nucleic acid for the production of protein as bacteria do because:

The major difference between single nucleotide variants (SNVs)and copy number variants (CNVs)is that:

An example of epigenetic variation that affects gene expression would be:

A single nucleotide variant that produces a misplaced termination codon in a polypeptide chain results in:

Approximately what percentage of genomic DNA is required to maintain the structure of chromosomes as centromeres and telomeres?

Which one of the following statements regarding the human genome below is correct?

A single nucleotide variant (SNV)that produces a misplaced termination codon in a polypeptide chain is called a:

Polymorphic repeated DNA sequences that are sometimes referred to as minisatellite sequences and are between 14 and 500 base pairs in length are called:

On average,how much of a gene sequence is removed as introns,leaving the exons to be spliced together and translated into protein?

If you were interested in studying plasmid structure,which one of the following cell types would be appropriate for you to examine?

Which one of the following is a similarity between bacterial and human genomes?

Copy number variants comprise approximately what percent of the human genome?

Polymorphic DNA sequences that are short tandem repeats 1 to 13 base pairs in length are referred to as:

Clinical Chemistry, molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Medicine

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