Question 1

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction:   where the masses are

Accepted Answer

A) 2.02 eV 
B) 4.03 eV 
C) 2.02 MeV 
D) 4.03 MeV 
E) 8.00 MeV 
A) 2.02 eV 
B) 4.03 eV 
C) 2.02 MeV 
D) 4.03 MeV 
E) 8.00 MeV D

Question 2

How many members are in the photon family?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 A

Question 3

Which one of the following particles is not a baryon?

Accepted Answer

A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) pion 
D) sigma particle 
E) lambda particle 
A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) pion 
D) sigma particle 
E) lambda particle C

Question 4

A single, whole-body dose of 450 rem is considered a lethal dose for approximately fifty percent of all individuals receiving such a dose. If a 62-kg person were exposed to such a dose of radiation that has an RBE of 0.845, how much energy has the person absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A) 480 J 
B) 5.3 J 
C) 75 J 
D) 120 J 
E) 330 J 
A) 480 J 
B) 5.3 J 
C) 75 J 
D) 120 J 
E) 330 J

Question 5

What radiation absorbed dose of slow neutrons (RBE = 2.5) is equivalent to a dose of 35.0 rad of fast neutrons (RBE = 9.0)?

Accepted Answer

A) 9.7 rad 
B) 130 rad 
C) 160 rad 
D) 260 rad 
E) 320 rad 
A) 9.7 rad 
B) 130 rad 
C) 160 rad 
D) 260 rad 
E) 320 rad

Question 6

How many neutrons are produced in the following reaction:

Accepted Answer

A) 11 
B) 12 
C) 22 
D) 24 
E) 48 
A) 11 
B) 12 
C) 22 
D) 24 
E) 48

Question 7

Which one of the following particles is not a member of the hadron family?

Accepted Answer

A) pion 
B) neutron 
C) muon 
D) kaon 
E) proton 
A) pion 
B) neutron 
C) muon 
D) kaon 
E) proton

Question 8

The first induced nuclear reaction,   , in a laboratory was studied by Rutherford in 1919. How much energy is absorbed in this reaction if the atomic masses are:   = 14.003 074 u,   = 16.999 133 u, $\alpha$ = 4.002 603 u, and p = 1.007 825 u? Note: 1 u = 931.5 MeV.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.193 MeV 
B) 3.338 MeV 
C) 6.603 MeV 
D) 15.08 MeV 
E) 27.91 MeV 
A) 1.193 MeV 
B) 3.338 MeV 
C) 6.603 MeV 
D) 15.08 MeV 
E) 27.91 MeV

Question 9

A beam of 4.5-MeV neutrons is directed at a 0.030-kg tissue sample. Each second, 1.5 × 106 neutrons strike the sample. If the relative biological effectiveness of these neutrons is 7.0, what biologically equivalent dose (in rem) is received by the sample in 65 seconds?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.23 rem 
B) 0.55 rem 
C) 1.6 rem 
D) 19 rem 
E) 33 rem 
A) 0.23 rem 
B) 0.55 rem 
C) 1.6 rem 
D) 19 rem 
E) 33 rem

Question 10

Which one of the following processes causes the explosion of a nuclear bomb?

Accepted Answer

A) beta decay 
B) alpha decay 
C) moderation 
D) photon absorption 
E) chain reaction 
A) beta decay 
B) alpha decay 
C) moderation 
D) photon absorption 
E) chain reaction

Question 11

Which one of the following statements concerning pions is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are stable particles. 
B) They belong to the lepton family. 
C) They are composed of three quarks. 
D) They only exist in two charge states. 
E) They interact with protons via the strong interaction. 
A) They are stable particles. 
B) They belong to the lepton family. 
C) They are composed of three quarks. 
D) They only exist in two charge states. 
E) They interact with protons via the strong interaction.

Question 12

A medical researcher wishes to compare the tissue damage produced by slow neutrons, which have a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 2.2, to that produced by fast neutrons with an RBE of 8.8. For the slow neutrons, the absorbed dose is 560 rd. What absorbed dose (in rd) of fast neutrons will produce the same biologically equivalent dose (in rem) as that for the slow neutrons?

Accepted Answer

A) 140 rd 
B) 29 rd 
C) 560 rd 
D) 310 rd 
E) 2240 rd 
A) 140 rd 
B) 29 rd 
C) 560 rd 
D) 310 rd 
E) 2240 rd

Question 13

One of the nuclear fusion reactions that occurs in stars is:   where the masses are   = 20.993 849 u;   = 4.002 603 u;   = 23.985 042 u; and   = 1.008 665 u. How much energy is released in this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.557 MeV 
B) 4.572 MeV 
C) 6.452 MeV 
D) 8.493 MeV 
E) 9.370 MeV 
A) 2.557 MeV 
B) 4.572 MeV 
C) 6.452 MeV 
D) 8.493 MeV 
E) 9.370 MeV

Question 14

Which one of the following names is not one that is used to name quarks?

Accepted Answer

A) charm 
B) top 
C) strange 
D) exotic 
E) down 
A) charm 
B) top 
C) strange 
D) exotic 
E) down

Question 15

What is the function of the moderator in a fission reactor?

Accepted Answer

A) The moderator absorbs gamma rays. 
B) The moderator absorbs slow neutrons. 
C) The moderator decreases the speeds of fast neutrons. 
D) The moderator prevents heat loss from the reactor core. 
E) The moderator prevents the reactor from reaching a critical state. 
A) The moderator absorbs gamma rays. 
B) The moderator absorbs slow neutrons. 
C) The moderator decreases the speeds of fast neutrons. 
D) The moderator prevents heat loss from the reactor core. 
E) The moderator prevents the reactor from reaching a critical state.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements concerning the standard cosmological model is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Shortly after the Big Bang, all of the fundamental forces behaved as a single force. 
B) About 0.5 million years after the Big Bang, hydrogen and helium atoms began to form. 
C) The first distinguishable particles in existence after the Big Bang were quarks and leptons. 
D) The Grand Unified Theory describes the universe immediately before and shortly after the Big Bang. 
E) At 10-43 s after the Big Bang, the gravitational force was distinguishable from the other fundamental forces. 
A) Shortly after the Big Bang, all of the fundamental forces behaved as a single force. 
B) About 0.5 million years after the Big Bang, hydrogen and helium atoms began to form. 
C) The first distinguishable particles in existence after the Big Bang were quarks and leptons. 
D) The Grand Unified Theory describes the universe immediately before and shortly after the Big Bang. 
E) At 10-43 s after the Big Bang, the gravitational force was distinguishable from the other fundamental forces.

Question 17

Which one of the following quantities is not necessarily conserved in nuclear reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) electric charge 
B) number of protons 
C) linear momentum 
D) angular momentum 
E) number of protons and neutrons 
A) electric charge 
B) number of protons 
C) linear momentum 
D) angular momentum 
E) number of protons and neutrons

Question 18

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction:   . Use the following information for your calculation:   has a mass of 2.014 102 u,   has a mass of 4.002 603 u, and 1 u = 931.5 MeV.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.20 MeV 
B) 11.9 MeV 
C) 23.8 MeV 
D) 257 MeV 
E) 7480 MeV 
A) 0.20 MeV 
B) 11.9 MeV 
C) 23.8 MeV 
D) 257 MeV 
E) 7480 MeV

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about the standard model is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are manifestations of a more fundamental interaction called the electroweak interaction. 
B) The strong nuclear force between quarks is described in terms of the concept of color. 
C) The standard model provides an explanation for the strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces. 
D) The gravitational force and the strong nuclear force are manifestations of a more fundamental interaction called the quark interaction. 
E) Nucleons are composed of quarks. 
A) The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are manifestations of a more fundamental interaction called the electroweak interaction. 
B) The strong nuclear force between quarks is described in terms of the concept of color. 
C) The standard model provides an explanation for the strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces. 
D) The gravitational force and the strong nuclear force are manifestations of a more fundamental interaction called the quark interaction. 
E) Nucleons are composed of quarks.

Question 20

A particular nuclear fission reaction produces 1.50 × 102 MeV per fission. How many fissions per second are required to generate 3.00 × 108 W of power?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.00 × 1016 
B) 5.25 × 1017 
C) 3.20 × 1018 
D) 1.25 × 1019 
E) 6.02 × 1023 
A) 2.00 × 1016 
B) 5.25 × 1017 
C) 3.20 × 1018 
D) 1.25 × 1019 
E) 6.02 × 1023

Exam 32: Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Energy, and Elementary Particles

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction: where the masses are

How many members are in the photon family?

Which one of the following particles is not a baryon?

A single, whole-body dose of 450 rem is considered a lethal dose for approximately fifty percent of all individuals receiving such a dose. If a 62-kg person were exposed to such a dose of radiation that has an RBE of 0.845, how much energy has the person absorbed?

What radiation absorbed dose of slow neutrons (RBE = 2.5) is equivalent to a dose of 35.0 rad of fast neutrons (RBE = 9.0)?

How many neutrons are produced in the following reaction:

Which one of the following particles is not a member of the hadron family?

The first induced nuclear reaction, , in a laboratory was studied by Rutherford in 1919. How much energy is absorbed in this reaction if the atomic masses are: = 14.003 074 u, = 16.999 133 u, α\alphaα = 4.002 603 u, and p = 1.007 825 u? Note: 1 u = 931.5 MeV.

A beam of 4.5-MeV neutrons is directed at a 0.030-kg tissue sample. Each second, 1.5 × 106 neutrons strike the sample. If the relative biological effectiveness of these neutrons is 7.0, what biologically equivalent dose (in rem) is received by the sample in 65 seconds?

Which one of the following processes causes the explosion of a nuclear bomb?

Which one of the following statements concerning pions is true?

One of the nuclear fusion reactions that occurs in stars is: where the masses are = 20.993 849 u; = 4.002 603 u; = 23.985 042 u; and = 1.008 665 u. How much energy is released in this reaction?

Which one of the following names is not one that is used to name quarks?

What is the function of the moderator in a fission reactor?

Which one of the following statements concerning the standard cosmological model is false?

Which one of the following quantities is not necessarily conserved in nuclear reactions?

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction: . Use the following information for your calculation: has a mass of 2.014 102 u, has a mass of 4.002 603 u, and 1 u = 931.5 MeV.

Which one of the following statements about the standard model is false?

A particular nuclear fission reaction produces 1.50 × 102 MeV per fission. How many fissions per second are required to generate 3.00 × 108 W of power?

Introduction and Mathematical Concepts

Kinematics in One Dimension

Kinematics in Two Dimensions

Forces and Newtons Laws of Motion

Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion

Work and Energy

Impulse and Momentum

Rotational Kinematics

Rotational Dynamics

Simple Harmonic Motion and Elasticity

Fluids

Temperature and Heat

The Transfer of Heat

The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

Thermodynamics

Waves and Sound

The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential

Electric Circuits

Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields

Electromagnetic Induction

Alternating Current Circuits

Electromagnetic Waves

The Refl Ection of Light: Mirrors

The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Interference and the Wave Nature of Light

Special Relativity

Particles and Waves

The Nature of the Atom

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

Filters

A beam of 4.5-MeV neutrons is directed at a 0.030-kg tissue sample. Each second, 1.5 × 10⁶ neutrons strike the sample. If the relative biological effectiveness of these neutrons is 7.0, what biologically equivalent dose (in rem) is received by the sample in 65 seconds?

A particular nuclear fission reaction produces 1.50 × 10² MeV per fission. How many fissions per second are required to generate 3.00 × 10⁸ W of power?