Question 1

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent flow refers to the flow o

Question 2

Where is the arcuate vein?

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) F 
C) G 
D) H 
E) I 
A) E 
B) F 
C) G 
D) H 
E) I

Question 3

Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?

Accepted Answer

A) N 
B) H 
C) I 
D) M 
E) K 
A) N 
B) H 
C) I 
D) M 
E) K

Question 4

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

Accepted Answer

A) H 
B) I 
C) J 
D) K 
E) L 
A) H 
B) I 
C) J 
D) K 
E) L

Question 5

Candida albicans and E.coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

Accepted Answer

A) ketone bodies 
B) erythrocytes 
C) casts 
D) microbes 
E) urobilinogen 
A) ketone bodies 
B) erythrocytes 
C) casts 
D) microbes 
E) urobilinogen

Question 6

What is line "B" pointing to?

Accepted Answer

A) Fenestration 
B) Pedicel 
C) Filtration slit 
D) Basal lamina 
E) Lumen of the glomerulus 
A) Fenestration 
B) Pedicel 
C) Filtration slit 
D) Basal lamina 
E) Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 7

What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) 8)1 - 10.6 
B) 4)6 - 8.0 
C) 1)0 - 3.0 
D) 3)1 - 4.0 
E) 10.0 - 12.0 
A) 8)1 - 10.6 
B) 4)6 - 8.0 
C) 1)0 - 3.0 
D) 3)1 - 4.0 
E) 10.0 - 12.0

Question 8

An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease,injury,or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins,ether,or heavy metals manifests as which condition?

Accepted Answer

A) albuminuria 
B) lucosuria 
C) urobilinogenuria 
D) ketonuria 
E) bilirubinuria 
A) albuminuria 
B) lucosuria 
C) urobilinogenuria 
D) ketonuria 
E) bilirubinuria

Question 9

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?

Accepted Answer

A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 80% 
E) 95% 
A) 25% 
B) 50% 
C) 75% 
D) 80% 
E) 95%

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases GFR 
B) It can decrease GFR 
C) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions 
D) It stimulates the release of aldosterone 
E) None of these choices 
A) It increases GFR 
B) It can decrease GFR 
C) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions 
D) It stimulates the release of aldosterone 
E) None of these choices

Question 11

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C

Question 12

Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A) C 
B) D 
C) J 
D) K 
E) L 
A) C 
B) D 
C) J 
D) K 
E) L

Question 13

Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering capacity.

Accepted Answer

Endothelial cells of the glomerular capi

Question 14

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C

Question 15

What is line "C" pointing to?

Accepted Answer

A) Fenestration 
B) Pedicel 
C) Filtration slit 
D) Basal lamina 
E) Lumen of the glomerulus 
A) Fenestration 
B) Pedicel 
C) Filtration slit 
D) Basal lamina 
E) Lumen of the glomerulus

Question 16

An analysis of the physical,chemical,and microscopic properties of urine is called

Accepted Answer

A) urinalysis 
B) filtration study 
C) concentration study 
D) diuretic 
E) osmolarity 
A) urinalysis 
B) filtration study 
C) concentration study 
D) diuretic 
E) osmolarity

Question 17

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) nephron loop 
C) ascending limb 
D) collecting duct 
E) renal tubule 
A) glomerulus 
B) nephron loop 
C) ascending limb 
D) collecting duct 
E) renal tubule

Question 18

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration causes a decrease in blood v

Question 19

These are tiny masses of material,hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

Accepted Answer

A) ketone bodies 
B) erythrocytes 
C) casts 
D) microbes 
E) urobilinogen 
A) ketone bodies 
B) erythrocytes 
C) casts 
D) microbes 
E) urobilinogen

Question 20

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the renal capsule?

Accepted Answer

A) C 
B) D 
C) E 
D) M 
E) A 
A) C 
B) D 
C) E 
D) M 
E) A

Exam 26: The Urinary System

Discuss the importance of countercurrent flow to the functioning of the nephron.

Where is the arcuate vein?

Fluid flowing from point G in the figure will go to which structure next?

Urine formed by the nephrons first drains into these.

Candida albicans and E.coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

What is line "B" pointing to?

What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

An increase in permeability of the filtration membrane due to disease,injury,or irritation of kidney cells by substances such as bacterial toxins,ether,or heavy metals manifests as which condition?

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

This layer's main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity.

Where is the ascending limb of the nephron loop?

Describe the structural features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its blood filtering capacity.

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter.

What is line "C" pointing to?

An analysis of the physical,chemical,and microscopic properties of urine is called

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

Describe in detail how the renin angiotensin negative feedback loop helps regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate in response to dehydration.

These are tiny masses of material,hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

Which vessel(s)in the diagram are the renal capsule?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Nutrition

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters