Question 1

DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is used in PCR because

Accepted Answer

A) it is a soluble protein. 
B) the genes from Thermus aquaticus are readily distinguished from those of 'normal' organisms. 
C) the enzyme is readily deactivated by heat, effectively halting the reaction. 
D) it is stable at high temperatures. 
E) it is not infectious. 
A) it is a soluble protein. 
B) the genes from Thermus aquaticus are readily distinguished from those of 'normal' organisms. 
C) the enzyme is readily deactivated by heat, effectively halting the reaction. 
D) it is stable at high temperatures. 
E) it is not infectious.

Question 2

In 1944 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty did experiments with Diplococcus pneumoniae that proved that

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is double stranded. 
B) DNA contains deoxyribose. 
C) DNA can be transcribed into RNA. 
D) DNA can permanently transform a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogenic strain. 
E) The structure of DNA provides a mechanism for reliable replication. 
A) DNA is double stranded. 
B) DNA contains deoxyribose. 
C) DNA can be transcribed into RNA. 
D) DNA can permanently transform a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogenic strain. 
E) The structure of DNA provides a mechanism for reliable replication.

Question 3

A genomic library

Accepted Answer

A) is a collection of protein structures from a specific organism. 
B) is a collection of cloned DNA fragments representing all of an organism's DNA. 
C) contains only protein-coding DNA sequences. 
D) is best constructed from very short DNA fragments. 
E) is built from mRNA by reverse transcription. 
A) is a collection of protein structures from a specific organism. 
B) is a collection of cloned DNA fragments representing all of an organism's DNA. 
C) contains only protein-coding DNA sequences. 
D) is best constructed from very short DNA fragments. 
E) is built from mRNA by reverse transcription.

Question 4

DNA sequencing by the chain-termination method utilizes DNA polymerase I to make a complementary copy of the target or template DNA molecule.A reaction with a 20 bp template and dideoxyadenosine nucleotides as terminators results in the production of a 5 bp fragment.Based on this result, we can conclude that the template contains

Accepted Answer

A) a cytosine at position 5. 
B) a thymine at position 5. 
C) a cytosine at position 16. 
D) a thymine at position 16. 
E) a uracil at position 5. 
A) a cytosine at position 5. 
B) a thymine at position 5. 
C) a cytosine at position 16. 
D) a thymine at position 16. 
E) a uracil at position 5.

Question 5

In order to perform PCR, which of the following describes the reagents that must be included in the reaction mixture?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA polymerase 
B) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, ddNTPS, DNA polymerase 
C) DNA fragment, one primer, dNTPs, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
D) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA Ligase 
E) none of the above 
A) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA polymerase 
B) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, ddNTPS, DNA polymerase 
C) DNA fragment, one primer, dNTPs, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase 
D) DNA fragment, primers flanking the region of interest, dNTPs, DNA Ligase 
E) none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements about nucleotides is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleotides mediate transport of energy within the cell. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C) Nucleotides store genetic information. 
D) Nucleotides are involved in biosynthetic reactions. 
E) none of the above 
A) Nucleotides mediate transport of energy within the cell. 
B) Nucleotides are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C) Nucleotides store genetic information. 
D) Nucleotides are involved in biosynthetic reactions. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

In living organisms, genetic information is most often stored in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) ribonucleic acid. 
B) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
C) proteins. 
D) enzymes. 
E) deoxynucleotides. 
A) ribonucleic acid. 
B) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
C) proteins. 
D) enzymes. 
E) deoxynucleotides.

Question 8

Matching
-Cytosine, uracil, and thymine are derivatives of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester 
A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester

Question 9

DNA sequencing using the Sanger method requires

Accepted Answer

A) template, primer, DNA polymerase, mRNA, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
B) template, primer, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
C) template, primer, DNA polymerase, rRNA, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
D) template, primer, DNA polymerase, mRNA, dNTPs. 
E) none of the above 
A) template, primer, DNA polymerase, mRNA, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
B) template, primer, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
C) template, primer, DNA polymerase, rRNA, dNTPs, ddNTPs. 
D) template, primer, DNA polymerase, mRNA, dNTPs. 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Matching
-A small fragment of labeled DNA or RNA used in a hybridization experiment is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester 
A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester

Question 11

By convention, the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written ___________ starting with the ____ end.

Accepted Answer

A) left to right; 3$^\prime$ 
B) right to left; 3$^\prime$ 
C) left to right; 5$^\prime$ 
D) right to  left; 3$^\prime$ 
E) top to bottom; 3$^\prime$ 
A) left to right; 3$^\prime$ 
B) right to left; 3$^\prime$ 
C) left to right; 5$^\prime$ 
D) right to  left; 3$^\prime$ 
E) top to bottom; 3$^\prime$

Question 12

Radioactively labeled, single-stranded oligonucleotides are often used in in situ hybridization.Which of the probes listed below would work best, when probing for a RNA molecule containing the sequence 5$^\prime$-AGCTAACGGG-3$^\prime$?

Accepted Answer

A) 5$^\prime$-AGCTAACGGG-3$^\prime$ 
B) 5$^\prime$-GGGCAATCGA-3$^\prime$ 
C) 5$^\prime$-CCCGTTAGCT-3$^\prime$ 
D) 5$^\prime$-TCGATTGCCC-3$^\prime$ 
E) all of the above 
A) 5$^\prime$-AGCTAACGGG-3$^\prime$ 
B) 5$^\prime$-GGGCAATCGA-3$^\prime$ 
C) 5$^\prime$-CCCGTTAGCT-3$^\prime$ 
D) 5$^\prime$-TCGATTGCCC-3$^\prime$ 
E) all of the above

Question 13

Nucleotides in a DNA molecule are linked together through

Accepted Answer

A) glycosidic bonds. 
B) amide linkages. 
C) hydrogen bonds. 
D) phosphoanhydride bonds. 
E) phosphodiester bonds. 
A) glycosidic bonds. 
B) amide linkages. 
C) hydrogen bonds. 
D) phosphoanhydride bonds. 
E) phosphodiester bonds.

Question 14

The Watson and Crick model of a double-helical structure for DNA was based, in part, on evidence from

Accepted Answer

A) NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)spectroscopy. 
B) IR (infrared)spectroscopy. 
C) atomic force microscopy. 
D) electron microscopy. 
E) X-ray diffraction . 
A) NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)spectroscopy. 
B) IR (infrared)spectroscopy. 
C) atomic force microscopy. 
D) electron microscopy. 
E) X-ray diffraction .

Question 15

Chargaff's rules state that:

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of guanine plus cytosine in mammalian genomes varies from about 39 to 46%. 
B) DNA is always double stranded and RNA is always single stranded. 
C) DNA contains two grooves, a major groove and a minor groove. 
D) In DNA the number of adenine residues is identical to the number of thymine residues and the number of guanine residues is identical to the number of cytosine residues. 
E) DNA contains two strands that run in opposite directions. 
A) The amount of guanine plus cytosine in mammalian genomes varies from about 39 to 46%. 
B) DNA is always double stranded and RNA is always single stranded. 
C) DNA contains two grooves, a major groove and a minor groove. 
D) In DNA the number of adenine residues is identical to the number of thymine residues and the number of guanine residues is identical to the number of cytosine residues. 
E) DNA contains two strands that run in opposite directions.

Question 16

Humans typically recycle approximately _____ of ATP each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 50 kg 
B) 50 mg 
C) 50 g 
D) 50 $\mu$g 
E) 500 kg 
A) 50 kg 
B) 50 mg 
C) 50 g 
D) 50 $\mu$g 
E) 500 kg

Question 17

What group is attached to the pyrimidine ring in thymine and is not present in uracil?

Accepted Answer

A) ribose 
B) -CH3 
C) (-NH2) 
D) deoxyribose 
E) none of the above 
A) ribose 
B) -CH3 
C) (-NH2) 
D) deoxyribose 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Which of the enzymes listed in the table below produce identical sticky ends?

Accepted Answer

A) AluI and HindIII 
B) AluI and BamHI 
C) HindIII and EcoRI 
D) HindIII and BglII 
E) BamHI and BglII 
A) AluI and HindIII 
B) AluI and BamHI 
C) HindIII and EcoRI 
D) HindIII and BglII 
E) BamHI and BglII

Question 19

Which diagram depicts correctly a ribosome engaged in translation?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d

Question 20

Matching
-Certain plasmids contain genes that confer resistance to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester 
A) diploid 
B) phosphodiester 
C) probe 
D) pyrimidine 
E) introns
F)cloning
G)transformed
H)exons
I)ampicillin
J)autoradiography
K)chain-terminator
L)purine
M)ester

Exam 3: Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is used in PCR because

In 1944 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty did experiments with Diplococcus pneumoniae that proved that

A genomic library

In order to perform PCR, which of the following describes the reagents that must be included in the reaction mixture?

Which of the following statements about nucleotides is false?

In living organisms, genetic information is most often stored in the form of

Matching -Cytosine, uracil, and thymine are derivatives of ______.

DNA sequencing using the Sanger method requires

Matching -A small fragment of labeled DNA or RNA used in a hybridization experiment is called a ______.

By convention, the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written ___________ starting with the ____ end.

Radioactively labeled, single-stranded oligonucleotides are often used in in situ hybridization.Which of the probes listed below would work best, when probing for a RNA molecule containing the sequence 5 ′^\prime′ -AGCTAACGGG-3 ′^\prime′ ?

Nucleotides in a DNA molecule are linked together through

The Watson and Crick model of a double-helical structure for DNA was based, in part, on evidence from

Chargaff's rules state that:

Humans typically recycle approximately _____ of ATP each day.

What group is attached to the pyrimidine ring in thymine and is not present in uracil?

Which of the enzymes listed in the table below produce identical sticky ends?

Which diagram depicts correctly a ribosome engaged in translation?

Matching -Certain plasmids contain genes that confer resistance to ______.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

By convention, the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written _______ starting with the end.

Radioactively labeled, single-stranded oligonucleotides are often used in in situ hybridization.Which of the probes listed below would work best, when probing for a RNA molecule containing the sequence 5 $^\prime$ -AGCTAACGGG-3 $^\prime$ ?