Question 1

Which of the following is not a component of Knudson's "two hit" hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the inherited cases of retinoblastoma, one of the inactivating mutations has been transmitted through the germ line. 
B)  Two mutational "hits" are required to knock out a gene that normally functions to suppress tumor formation. 
C)  A cancer develops only if a second mutation occurs in the somatic cells and if this mutation knocks out the function of the wild-type allele of the tumor suppressor gene. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  None of these are true. 
A)  In the inherited cases of retinoblastoma, one of the inactivating mutations has been transmitted through the germ line. 
B)  Two mutational "hits" are required to knock out a gene that normally functions to suppress tumor formation. 
C)  A cancer develops only if a second mutation occurs in the somatic cells and if this mutation knocks out the function of the wild-type allele of the tumor suppressor gene. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  None of these are true. D

Question 2

Which of the following cancers is most prevalent in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Prostate cancer 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Pancreatic cancer 
E)  Leukemia 
A)  Breast cancer 
B)  Prostate cancer 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Pancreatic cancer 
E)  Leukemia C

Question 3

An agent that can irreversibly transform normal cells into cancerous cells is most correctly known as

Accepted Answer

A)  tetragen 
B)  aneugen 
C)  mutagen 
D)  carcinogen 
E)  None of these are correct. 
A)  tetragen 
B)  aneugen 
C)  mutagen 
D)  carcinogen 
E)  None of these are correct. D

Question 4

Which of the following is not a hallmark of the malignant cancer pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer cells acquire self-sufficiency in the signalling processes that stimulate division and growth. 
B)  Cancer cells are normally sensitive to signals that inhibit growth. 
C)  Cancer cells can evade programmed cell death. 
D)  Cancer cells acquire limitless replicative potential. 
E)  Cancer cells develop ways to nourish themselves. 
A)  Cancer cells acquire self-sufficiency in the signalling processes that stimulate division and growth. 
B)  Cancer cells are normally sensitive to signals that inhibit growth. 
C)  Cancer cells can evade programmed cell death. 
D)  Cancer cells acquire limitless replicative potential. 
E)  Cancer cells develop ways to nourish themselves.

Question 5

Blood vessels are induced to grow among cancer cells through a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  angiogenesis. 
B)  cardiogenesis. 
C)  vasculargenesis. 
D)  arterialgenesis. 
E)  None of these 
A)  angiogenesis. 
B)  cardiogenesis. 
C)  vasculargenesis. 
D)  arterialgenesis. 
E)  None of these

Question 6

Which of the following is a key step in carcinogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of p53 function 
B)  Gain of pRB function 
C)  Gain of p53 function 
D)  Loss of p53 function and Gain of pRB function 
E)  All of these 
A)  Loss of p53 function 
B)  Gain of pRB function 
C)  Gain of p53 function 
D)  Loss of p53 function and Gain of pRB function 
E)  All of these

Question 7

Tumor suppressor genes

Accepted Answer

A)  were discovered by studies of rare cancers exhibiting a dominant inheritance pattern. 
B)  were suggested by Alfred Knudson's findings in his 1971 study of retinoblastoma. 
C)  function in more than one cellular process. 
D)  of particular classes function by binding to and inhibiting the activity of transcription factors controlling cell cycle progression. 
E)  All of these 
A)  were discovered by studies of rare cancers exhibiting a dominant inheritance pattern. 
B)  were suggested by Alfred Knudson's findings in his 1971 study of retinoblastoma. 
C)  function in more than one cellular process. 
D)  of particular classes function by binding to and inhibiting the activity of transcription factors controlling cell cycle progression. 
E)  All of these

Question 8

Which of the following is the abiding characteristic of all cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caused by the presence of radiation 
B)  Uncontrolled growth 
C)  Multinucleated 
D)  Form a monolayer in culture 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Caused by the presence of radiation 
B)  Uncontrolled growth 
C)  Multinucleated 
D)  Form a monolayer in culture 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

What type of mutations are typically found in the DBD of p53?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recessive loss of function mutations 
B)  Recessive gain of function mutations 
C)  Dominant loss of function mutations 
D)  Dominant gain of function mutations 
E)  None of these 
A)  Recessive loss of function mutations 
B)  Recessive gain of function mutations 
C)  Dominant loss of function mutations 
D)  Dominant gain of function mutations 
E)  None of these

Question 10

How do cancers develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through the activation of a singular proto-oncogene 
B)  Through the activation of a singular tumor suppressor gene 
C)  Through the accumulation of somatic mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. 
D)  Through the inactivation of a singular tumor suppressor gene 
E)  Through the inactivation of a singular proto-oncogene 
A)  Through the activation of a singular proto-oncogene 
B)  Through the activation of a singular tumor suppressor gene 
C)  Through the accumulation of somatic mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. 
D)  Through the inactivation of a singular tumor suppressor gene 
E)  Through the inactivation of a singular proto-oncogene

Question 11

Which enzyme family plays a crucial role in apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caspases 
B)  Lactases 
C)  Maltases 
D)  Kinases 
E)  Polymerases 
A)  Caspases 
B)  Lactases 
C)  Maltases 
D)  Kinases 
E)  Polymerases

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the RB gene in relation to cancer and the cell cycle?
1)In many types of cancer both copies of the RB gene have been inactivated.
2)Inactivation of both copies of the RB gene impair the ability of the RB protein to bind E2F transcription factors.
3)pRB is phosphorylated through the action of cyclin-dependent kinases.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  All of these 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  All of these

Question 13

Which group of genes was first discovered in RNA virus genomes and is known to induce tumors in vertebrate hosts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor suppressor genes 
B)  Oncogenes 
C)  Operator genes 
D)  Promoter genes 
E)  Silencer genes 
A)  Tumor suppressor genes 
B)  Oncogenes 
C)  Operator genes 
D)  Promoter genes 
E)  Silencer genes

Question 14

Which of the following was found to be a difference between v-src and c-src?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-src contained eleven introns whereas v-src had none. 
B)  V-src contained eleven introns whereas c-src had none. 
C)  C-src caused the formation of tumors in mice, whereas v-src caused tumor formation in chickens. 
D)  V-src caused the formation of tumors in mice, whereas c-src caused tumor formation in chickens. 
E)  None of these are correct. 
A)  C-src contained eleven introns whereas v-src had none. 
B)  V-src contained eleven introns whereas c-src had none. 
C)  C-src caused the formation of tumors in mice, whereas v-src caused tumor formation in chickens. 
D)  V-src caused the formation of tumors in mice, whereas c-src caused tumor formation in chickens. 
E)  None of these are correct.

Question 15

Programmed cell death is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cell lysis 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  cell popping 
D)  hemolysis 
E)  None of these are correct. 
A)  cell lysis 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  cell popping 
D)  hemolysis 
E)  None of these are correct.

Question 16

Mutations in which a single mutant allele is dominant in its ability to induce cancer are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive activators. 
B)  dominant activators. 
C)  heterozygous activators. 
D)  homozygous activators. 
E)  penetrant activators. 
A)  recessive activators. 
B)  dominant activators. 
C)  heterozygous activators. 
D)  homozygous activators. 
E)  penetrant activators.

Question 17

Which of the following properties is not characteristic of a malignant cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It no longer undergoes cell cycle regulation and growth arrest. 
B)  It has undergone mutations in a c-onc and in other genes. 
C)  It cannot leave its site of growth in the tumor. 
D)  It may have undergone a chromosome rearrangement. 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  It no longer undergoes cell cycle regulation and growth arrest. 
B)  It has undergone mutations in a c-onc and in other genes. 
C)  It cannot leave its site of growth in the tumor. 
D)  It may have undergone a chromosome rearrangement. 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 18

Weinberg was the first to identify a link between a c-onc and cancer by

Accepted Answer

A)  using a transfection test with liver DNA that transformed normal cells to hepatomas. 
B)  cloning a DNA fragment from human colon cancer and showing that it could transform normal cells to malignant cells. 
C)  serially transfecting DNA from bladder cells first into nontransformed cells and then into transformed cells. 
D)  cloning the transforming DNA fragment from the transformed cells and showing it transformed normal cells. 
E)  None of these 
A)  using a transfection test with liver DNA that transformed normal cells to hepatomas. 
B)  cloning a DNA fragment from human colon cancer and showing that it could transform normal cells to malignant cells. 
C)  serially transfecting DNA from bladder cells first into nontransformed cells and then into transformed cells. 
D)  cloning the transforming DNA fragment from the transformed cells and showing it transformed normal cells. 
E)  None of these

Question 19

How does p53 respond to cell stress?
1)The level of p53 increases dramatically.
2)p53 stimulates the transcription of genes whose products arrest the cell cycle.
3)p53 activates another set of genes whose products ultimately cause the damaged cell to die.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  All of these 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  1 and 2 
E)  All of these

Question 20

The normal alleles of genes such as c-ras and c-myc produce proteins that regulate the cell cycle.When these genes are overexpressed,or when they produce proteins that function as dominant activators,the cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  cancerous. 
B)  pre-disposed to become cancerous. 
C)  immune from becoming cancerous. 
D)  cancerous and Pre-disposed to become cancerous. 
E)  None of these 
A)  cancerous. 
B)  pre-disposed to become cancerous. 
C)  immune from becoming cancerous. 
D)  cancerous and Pre-disposed to become cancerous. 
E)  None of these

Exam 21: The Genetic Basis Of Cancer

Which of the following is not a component of Knudson's "two hit" hypothesis?

Which of the following cancers is most prevalent in the United States?

An agent that can irreversibly transform normal cells into cancerous cells is most correctly known as

Which of the following is not a hallmark of the malignant cancer pathway?

Blood vessels are induced to grow among cancer cells through a process known as

Which of the following is a key step in carcinogenesis?

Tumor suppressor genes

Which of the following is the abiding characteristic of all cancer cells?

What type of mutations are typically found in the DBD of p53?

How do cancers develop?

Which enzyme family plays a crucial role in apoptosis?

Which group of genes was first discovered in RNA virus genomes and is known to induce tumors in vertebrate hosts?

Which of the following was found to be a difference between v-src and c-src?

Programmed cell death is called

Mutations in which a single mutant allele is dominant in its ability to induce cancer are known as

Which of the following properties is not characteristic of a malignant cell?

Weinberg was the first to identify a link between a c-onc and cancer by

How does p53 respond to cell stress? 1)The level of p53 increases dramatically. 2)p53 stimulates the transcription of genes whose products arrest the cell cycle. 3)p53 activates another set of genes whose products ultimately cause the damaged cell to die.

The normal alleles of genes such as c-ras and c-myc produce proteins that regulate the cell cycle.When these genes are overexpressed,or when they produce proteins that function as dominant activators,the cell is

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