Chat with AIExam 2: Cognitive Development and Language
Mason is another seventh grader who is having difficulty in math class.He stares blankly at the test paper asking him to compute fractions such as 5/7 and 9/12 as percentages.He can't remember at all how to determine whether 4/5 is larger or smaller than 5/8,so he makes a guess.He hopes that,with some luck,he might manage in the class.On the weekend,Mason is watching his favorite sport,basketball.He remarks to his sister,"Oh,this guy made eight out of 11 shots last week; he's close to an 80 percent shooter so he should be for these free throws." After the player makes both shots,Mason looks down at the statistics sheet he's been keeping on the local teams' shooting percentages,and updates the statistics.
A)Is the inconsistency between Mason's performances on school test problems and in working with basketball statistics a problem for Piaget's stage theory? That is,if Mason is at a particular stage of reasoning,shouldn't he be able to deal with the school problems as successfully as the basketball ones? Explain.
B)How might Vygotsky explain the role of other people in shaping Mason's math skills in the two contexts? Explain.
C)Knowing Mason's behaviours, how might a teacher work with him to improve his performances on the fractions and percentages unit?
(31) 
VerifiedA)The inconsistency noted in this case study is not a problem for Piaget's theory. According to Piaget, experience and interest can affect the stage one can reach. Mason should be able to solve the school-based math problems equally as well as the basketball ones. The teacher may need to help Mason see the connection between the two situations. Also, Mason's interest is likely to be influenced by the extent to which the student can move beyond rote memorization of mathematical principles. The teacher may want to introduce a math game to facilitate interest. Also, it is important for the teacher to explain why it is important for students to have an understanding of fractions and percentages in our society.
B)First, the teacher may want to look at the statistics sheet Mason created. This sheet is viewed as a cultural tool and it would be important to find out if Mason shares the sheet with any other persons. For instance, what do the headings on the columns for the data communicate to others? In addition, from Vygotsky's perspective it would be important to know if Mason typically watches basketball alone or with his brother who is four years older. It may be that his brother is providing scaffolding (cues, encouragement) to Mason as they watch the game together
C)The teacher may want to integrate a physical education unit on basketball with a mathematics lesson.Mason would get the concrete experience recommended by Piaget.He would also be involved in a highly social activity,which would be supported by both Piaget and Vygotsky's theories.The basketball team could be instructed to plan and monitor their basketball activities in order to solve the math problem.
According to Piaget,when environmental events cause changes in existing schemes,________ occurs.
(29) Verifiedaccommodation
Vygotsky's view of cognitive development differs from Piaget's in the importance and emphasis placed on a person's
(34) VerifiedC
In his first game of hide-and-seek,Andy covers his eyes so that his friends cannot see him.His thinking can be described as
(35) A teacher pours juice from a larger glass into two tiny glasses,and the child beams,happy now that he has "more juice." What cognitive stage (Piaget's theory)does the account best illustrate?
(30) After stringing beads from a large necklace onto a smaller empty string,a child states that there are now more beads on the small string than there were on the larger string.What cognitive concept (Piaget's theory)does this behaviour best illustrate?
(40) What part of the brain coordinates and orchestrates skilled movements?
(40) Trip,a seventh-grader,is having difficulty learning principles of fractions,such as two out of five is 2/5,3/5 is less than 2/3,and so on.While his classmates seem to follow most of the examples given in class and in the textbook,Trip feels overwhelmed and confused by them.He is good at other subjects (such as reading and social studies)but is falling behind rapidly in mathematics.Being familiar with Piaget's stages of development,you suspect that Trip is very concrete in his thinking about mathematical principles compared to many of his classmates.
A)Based on the above assessment of Trip's situation,what teaching approaches would Piaget's ideas suggest for making the principles of fractions more understandable to Trip?
B)If Trip is a concrete thinker in mathematics, is he likely to think in similar ways in other subjects? Explain using appropriate ideas from Piaget and Vygotsky.
(38) Developmental changes are genetically determined rather than environmentally determined.
(37) Guided participation in the classroom is an example of ________ learning.
(42) Billy refuses to drink his orange juice from the 1/2 full glass that his mother gives to him.He wants her to pour the juice into his favorite cup and watches his mother fill it to the brim.Billy likes his cup better because he gets more juice in it.With what cognitive concept in Piaget's theory is Billy having trouble?
(44) Application of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development concept would include
(42) The part of the cerebral cortex that matures first controls
(40) Define development and identify specific types of forms it can take.Then explain how maturation relates to development.
(27) In Piaget's theory,an understanding of object permanence is acquired during what period of development?
(41) Which of the following pairs of factors that influence thinking is thought by Piaget to be genetic or inherited tendencies?
(31) Assimilation takes place when a person uses existing schemes to make sense of events in their world.
(33) When we try a particular strategy and it does not work,the discomfort we experience is called
(42) Both Piaget and Vygotsky would most likely agree students need to be taught in the "magic ________" or the place where they are neither bored nor frustrated.
(41) 
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