Question 1

What factors were behind the population growth of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Several factors were important to the dramatic growth of the European population in the nineteenth century.Disease was the largest killer in Europe.The development of a vaccination against smallpox saved many lives,as did improved sanitation,which helped to curb diseases such as cholera.Food was a key factor,especially foods from the New World,namely,the potato.This inexpensive and nutritious food revolutionized the European diet.The newly increased transportation links also made food less expensive and increasingly more available throughout countries.The decline in the cost of clothing and the expansion of cotton textiles actually increased the sanitation of family life as clothes could be changed and washed more frequently,lessening some of the diseases born of unsanitary conditions.Most historians see the population explosion as deriving from an increase in fertility rather than from an increase in longevity.Europe's relative prosperity,especially in the country,allowed couples to marry at younger ages without having to wait for inherited land to secure an income.As a result of marrying younger,people had more children,contributing to a large,young,and fertile population.

Question 2

What was the impact of the ideals behind "the Cult of Domesticity" on women in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The rise of the middle class and the centralization of power in government all relied on rituals and hierarchies; thus the home became a prime image and place in which proper order could be exhibited and enforced.The Napoleonic Law Code and other such legal subordination of women had deprived women of legal status,grouping them with the mentally ill as those unable to represent themselves legally.Women transferred all property to their husbands upon marriage,and girls were educated only at home.A housewife was given the task of managing the household,maintaining accounts,and supervising the servants.The running of the house required enormous work to carry water,clean,mend and sew,maintain the heating of the house,and keep up its appearance.The housewife had a demanding,full-time occupation.Outside the home,there was little respectable employment for a woman.Unmarried women could act as governesses,but aside from this,little was acceptable to the middle class and the cult of domesticity.A woman's place was in the home,though she was encouraged to take up charitable hobbies such as nursing,work for the church,or even engage in social causes such as the abolition of slavery.The separate spheres of male and female life existed only in the middle and upper class; for the poor it was a luxury they could not afford.

Question 3

Balzac believed the changes of the French Revolution and industrialization had merely replaced an old aristocracy with a new one: a materialistic middle class.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Accepted Answer

A)  steel. 
B)  iron. 
C)  coke. 
D)  coal. 
E)  copper. 
A)  steel. 
B)  iron. 
C)  coke. 
D)  coal. 
E)  copper.

Question 5

Most of the labor force in Russia was made up of _________,who remained bound to the land and did not profit from their labor until 1861.

Accepted Answer

A)  serfs 
B)  children 
C)  peasants 
D)  women 
E)  men 
A)  serfs 
B)  children 
C)  peasants 
D)  women 
E)  men

Question 6

A central difference in the development of industrialization in Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of:

Accepted Answer

A)  private companies in Europe and the exclusive involvement of government in Great Britain. 
B)  the Roman Catholic Church to the exclusion of government and private companies in Europe. 
C)  government through subsidies,incentives,and direct development in Europe. 
D)  foreign investors only in Great Britain and a mix of foreign and national investors in Europe. 
E)  the peasantry who moved to the urban centers and provided the needed labor on the Continent. 
A)  private companies in Europe and the exclusive involvement of government in Great Britain. 
B)  the Roman Catholic Church to the exclusion of government and private companies in Europe. 
C)  government through subsidies,incentives,and direct development in Europe. 
D)  foreign investors only in Great Britain and a mix of foreign and national investors in Europe. 
E)  the peasantry who moved to the urban centers and provided the needed labor on the Continent.

Question 7

Direct communication between the United States and Europe was not possible until:

Accepted Answer

A)  1825. 
B)  1848. 
C)  1865. 
D)  1883. 
E)  1900. 
A)  1825. 
B)  1848. 
C)  1865. 
D)  1883. 
E)  1900.

Question 8

Children commonly worked from a very young age; most in Britain worked in:

Accepted Answer

A)  shipyards. 
B)  textile plants. 
C)  mines. 
D)  domestic service. 
E)  rail yards. 
A)  shipyards. 
B)  textile plants. 
C)  mines. 
D)  domestic service. 
E)  rail yards.

Question 9

One consequence of the industrialization of Europe was its detrimental effect on the environment.This was first noted in its effect on air quality,as typified by Coketown,the fictional city in the novel Hard Times by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Dickens. 
B)  George Eliot. 
C)  Honoré de Balzac. 
D)  Victor Hugo. 
E)  George Sand. 
A)  Charles Dickens. 
B)  George Eliot. 
C)  Honoré de Balzac. 
D)  Victor Hugo. 
E)  George Sand.

Question 10

Working people had an advocate for their plight in the writings of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Honoré de Balzac. 
B)  Victor Hugo. 
C)  George Sand. 
D)  Guy de Maupassant. 
E)  Walter Scott. 
A)  Honoré de Balzac. 
B)  Victor Hugo. 
C)  George Sand. 
D)  Guy de Maupassant. 
E)  Walter Scott.

Question 11

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793,the cotton gin:

Accepted Answer

A)  had little effect on the process of cotton textile manufacture. 
B)  produced sixteen threads at once. 
C)  combined the best features of the spinning jenny and the water frame. 
D)  mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers. 
E)  did the work of fifteen men. 
A)  had little effect on the process of cotton textile manufacture. 
B)  produced sixteen threads at once. 
C)  combined the best features of the spinning jenny and the water frame. 
D)  mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers. 
E)  did the work of fifteen men.

Question 12

Most prostitutes were women who were trying to manage during a period of unemployment,rather than professional sex workers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How accurate is the image of "passionless" Victorian sexuality,and why was such an image cultivated?

Accepted Answer

The lack of passion in discussions of Vi

Question 14

Middle-class "respectability" required:

Accepted Answer

A)  hard work,character,and financial independence. 
B)  an education at Oxford or Cambridge. 
C)  a household containing at least five servants. 
D)  owning one's own business. 
E)  all of these 
A)  hard work,character,and financial independence. 
B)  an education at Oxford or Cambridge. 
C)  a household containing at least five servants. 
D)  owning one's own business. 
E)  all of these

Question 15

The Industrial Revolution caused changes in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature of work 
B)  the physical landscape of Europe 
C)  the private lives of people 
D)  wealth and poverty 
E)  all of these 
A)  the nature of work 
B)  the physical landscape of Europe 
C)  the private lives of people 
D)  wealth and poverty 
E)  all of these

Question 16

What was the role of working women in the Industrial Revolution,and what impact did it have on their lives?

Accepted Answer

Women had always been part of the econom

Question 17

The rapid growth of European cities such as Manchester,Birmingham,and Essen was due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  their situation above large coal fields,which required large numbers of miners to extract. 
B)  the growth of the textile industry,located as they were in the cotton-growing area of southern Europe. 
C)  the expansion of the porcelain industry in the Netherlands and Belgium. 
D)  the expansion of local cultural centers that drew performers and audiences from across Europe. 
E)  the expansion of manufacturing and mining in the areas surrounding these places. 
A)  their situation above large coal fields,which required large numbers of miners to extract. 
B)  the growth of the textile industry,located as they were in the cotton-growing area of southern Europe. 
C)  the expansion of the porcelain industry in the Netherlands and Belgium. 
D)  the expansion of local cultural centers that drew performers and audiences from across Europe. 
E)  the expansion of manufacturing and mining in the areas surrounding these places.

Question 18

As a result of the Industrial Revolution,people of the nineteenth century viewed one another through the lens of:

Accepted Answer

A)  class. 
B)  wealth. 
C)  birth. 
D)  religion. 
E)  national origin. 
A)  class. 
B)  wealth. 
C)  birth. 
D)  religion. 
E)  national origin.

Question 19

The first modern railway connected Stockton to Manchester to transport coal from the mines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The "angel in the house" referred to:

Accepted Answer

A)  any domestic servant. 
B)  prostitutes who worked in the area of Parliament. 
C)  middle-class women of Victorian England. 
D)  a domestic servant who carried on an affair with the master of the house. 
E)  a governess hired to care for the family's children. 
A)  any domestic servant. 
B)  prostitutes who worked in the area of Parliament. 
C)  middle-class women of Victorian England. 
D)  a domestic servant who carried on an affair with the master of the house. 
E)  a governess hired to care for the family's children.

Exam 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-century Society

What factors were behind the population growth of the nineteenth century?

What was the impact of the ideals behind "the Cult of Domesticity" on women in the nineteenth century?

Balzac believed the changes of the French Revolution and industrialization had merely replaced an old aristocracy with a new one: a materialistic middle class.

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Most of the labor force in Russia was made up of _________,who remained bound to the land and did not profit from their labor until 1861.

A central difference in the development of industrialization in Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of:

Direct communication between the United States and Europe was not possible until:

Children commonly worked from a very young age; most in Britain worked in:

One consequence of the industrialization of Europe was its detrimental effect on the environment.This was first noted in its effect on air quality,as typified by Coketown,the fictional city in the novel Hard Times by:

Working people had an advocate for their plight in the writings of:

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793,the cotton gin:

Most prostitutes were women who were trying to manage during a period of unemployment,rather than professional sex workers.

How accurate is the image of "passionless" Victorian sexuality,and why was such an image cultivated?

Middle-class "respectability" required:

The Industrial Revolution caused changes in which of the following areas?

What was the role of working women in the Industrial Revolution,and what impact did it have on their lives?

The rapid growth of European cities such as Manchester,Birmingham,and Essen was due to:

As a result of the Industrial Revolution,people of the nineteenth century viewed one another through the lens of:

The first modern railway connected Stockton to Manchester to transport coal from the mines.

The "angel in the house" referred to:

Early Civilizations

Peoples, gods ,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,warfare,and Sovereignty,1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The Enlightenment

The French Revolution

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What is a Nation? Territories ,states , and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

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