Question 1

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century he was better known for his studies of:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  sociology. 
C)  human knowledge. 
D)  morals and ethics. 
E)  medicine. 
A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  sociology. 
C)  human knowledge. 
D)  morals and ethics. 
E)  medicine. C

Question 2

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavery corrupted its victims,and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman,and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D) Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E) Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should,therefore,be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled. 
A)  Slavery corrupted its victims,and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman,and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D) Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E) Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should,therefore,be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled. A

Question 3

The philosophes of the Enlightenment,as exemplified by Voltaire,particularly admired England because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the deistic position taken by the Church of England. 
B)  the literary genius of Chaucer,Shakespeare,and Fielding. 
C)  its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration. 
D)  the continued success and expansion of its mercantile empire. 
E)  the support by the Church of scholarly research at Oxford and Cambridge. 
A)  the deistic position taken by the Church of England. 
B)  the literary genius of Chaucer,Shakespeare,and Fielding. 
C)  its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration. 
D)  the continued success and expansion of its mercantile empire. 
E)  the support by the Church of scholarly research at Oxford and Cambridge. C

Question 4

Mozart was buried in a pauper's grave.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

With the rise in literacy and the book business in the eighteenth century,censorship was:

Accepted Answer

A)  surprisingly nonexistent. 
B)  institutional throughout Europe. 
C)  uneven in its implementation. 
D)  left to the Roman Catholic Church. 
E)  applied only to books for children. 
A)  surprisingly nonexistent. 
B)  institutional throughout Europe. 
C)  uneven in its implementation. 
D)  left to the Roman Catholic Church. 
E)  applied only to books for children.

Question 6

In her Vindication of the Rights of Woman,Mary Wollstonecraft argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  republicanism was an ill-conceived idea dedicated to the violent disruption of society. 
B)  there was no such thing as a natural division of labor in any human society. 
C)  women were deserving of the protection of men since they were the weaker sex. 
D)  virtue ought to mean different things to men and women. 
E)  all men and women share a common humanity. 
A)  republicanism was an ill-conceived idea dedicated to the violent disruption of society. 
B)  there was no such thing as a natural division of labor in any human society. 
C)  women were deserving of the protection of men since they were the weaker sex. 
D)  virtue ought to mean different things to men and women. 
E)  all men and women share a common humanity.

Question 7

Opera,a very popular musical form during the eighteenth century,was developed in the seventeenth century by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Claudio Monteverdi. 
B)  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. 
C)  Joseph Haydn. 
D)  Christoph Willibald von Gluck. 
E)  George Frederic Handel. 
A)  Claudio Monteverdi. 
B)  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. 
C)  Joseph Haydn. 
D)  Christoph Willibald von Gluck. 
E)  George Frederic Handel.

Question 8

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's somewhat conflicting views of female nature illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shifting meaning of "nature" by the middle of the eighteenth century. 
B)  his belief that women have the same natural rights as men. 
C)  the idea that men and women should receive an identical education. 
D)  the general view that women were little more than creatures of lust and passion. 
E)  that intellectuals of the eighteenth century had difficulty admitting they thought women inferior. 
A)  the shifting meaning of "nature" by the middle of the eighteenth century. 
B)  his belief that women have the same natural rights as men. 
C)  the idea that men and women should receive an identical education. 
D)  the general view that women were little more than creatures of lust and passion. 
E)  that intellectuals of the eighteenth century had difficulty admitting they thought women inferior.

Question 9

The first daily newspaper was printed in London.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A primary concern of the Enlightenment was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  danger of arbitrary and unchecked authority. 
B)  value of religious toleration. 
C)  overriding importance of law. 
D)  importance of reason in all affairs. 
E)  all of these 
A)  danger of arbitrary and unchecked authority. 
B)  value of religious toleration. 
C)  overriding importance of law. 
D)  importance of reason in all affairs. 
E)  all of these

Question 11

The "classical" style of music that swept Europe in the late eighteenth century:

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected the symphonic form because it was bohemian. 
B)  slavishly imitated the music of classical antiquity. 
C)  was intended to sound orderly,clear,and balanced. 
D)  is best represented by the music of Bach and Handel. 
E)  remained the musical style until the late twentieth century. 
A)  rejected the symphonic form because it was bohemian. 
B)  slavishly imitated the music of classical antiquity. 
C)  was intended to sound orderly,clear,and balanced. 
D)  is best represented by the music of Bach and Handel. 
E)  remained the musical style until the late twentieth century.

Question 12

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Unlike the French physiocrats who believed that the wealth of a nation came from the land and agricultural production,Adam Smith believed that the wealth of a nation came from its:

Accepted Answer

A)  gold and silver. 
B)  labor. 
C)  natural resources. 
D)  trade. 
E)  slaves. 
A)  gold and silver. 
B)  labor. 
C)  natural resources. 
D)  trade. 
E)  slaves.

Question 14

The eighteenth-century Enlightenment produced an elite or high culture that was typified by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inclusiveness. 
B)  exclusiveness. 
C)  its parochial nature. 
D)  its cosmopolitan nature. 
E)  its narrowness of interests. 
A)  inclusiveness. 
B)  exclusiveness. 
C)  its parochial nature. 
D)  its cosmopolitan nature. 
E)  its narrowness of interests.

Question 15

A cornerstone of Enlightenment thinking was skepticism,as developed by the Scottish philosopher:

Accepted Answer

A)  Immanuel Kant. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  David Hume. 
E)  John Cabot. 
A)  Immanuel Kant. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  David Hume. 
E)  John Cabot.

Question 16

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote. 
A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote.

Question 17

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order. 
B)  the philosophes should become,following Plato,the rulers of the world. 
C)  the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics. 
D)  human progress would result from a completely new scientific method. 
E)  the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property. 
A)  the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order. 
B)  the philosophes should become,following Plato,the rulers of the world. 
C)  the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics. 
D)  human progress would result from a completely new scientific method. 
E)  the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property.

Question 18

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  salons. 
B)  lodges. 
C)  aeries. 
D)  teahouses. 
E)  coffeehouses. 
A)  salons. 
B)  lodges. 
C)  aeries. 
D)  teahouses. 
E)  coffeehouses.

Question 20

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  Society of the Friends of Slaves. 
A)  Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 
B)  International League of Abolitionists. 
C)  League for the Union of all Humanity. 
D)  Society of Friends of Blacks. 
E)  Society of the Friends of Slaves.

Exam 17: The Enlightenment

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century he was better known for his studies of:

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

The philosophes of the Enlightenment,as exemplified by Voltaire,particularly admired England because of:

Mozart was buried in a pauper's grave.

With the rise in literacy and the book business in the eighteenth century,censorship was:

In her Vindication of the Rights of Woman,Mary Wollstonecraft argued that:

Opera,a very popular musical form during the eighteenth century,was developed in the seventeenth century by:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's somewhat conflicting views of female nature illustrate:

The first daily newspaper was printed in London.

A primary concern of the Enlightenment was the:

The "classical" style of music that swept Europe in the late eighteenth century:

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

Unlike the French physiocrats who believed that the wealth of a nation came from the land and agricultural production,Adam Smith believed that the wealth of a nation came from its:

The eighteenth-century Enlightenment produced an elite or high culture that was typified by:

A cornerstone of Enlightenment thinking was skepticism,as developed by the Scottish philosopher:

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

One philosophe organization,founded by Warville de Brissot,which called for the abolition of slavery was the:

Early Civilizations

Peoples, gods ,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,warfare,and Sovereignty,1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What is a Nation? Territories ,states , and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

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