Question 1

A disadvantage of command-and-control policy used to protect the environment is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential for cap-and-trade programs to create pollution hotspots in areas where most users choose to buy credits rather than reduce emissions. 
B)  the potential for perverse subsidies that support undesirable activities. 
C)  passing the cost of green taxes on to the consumer. 
D)  the lack of incentive for companies to reduce pollution below mandated limits. 
E)  the complexity of the concept and the long time required to achieve desired goals. 
A)  the potential for cap-and-trade programs to create pollution hotspots in areas where most users choose to buy credits rather than reduce emissions. 
B)  the potential for perverse subsidies that support undesirable activities. 
C)  passing the cost of green taxes on to the consumer. 
D)  the lack of incentive for companies to reduce pollution below mandated limits. 
E)  the complexity of the concept and the long time required to achieve desired goals.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of command and control regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It directly changes the behavior of the regulated industry. 
B)  A one-size-fits-all approach may limit some industries' ability to use the most cost-effective methods to address their impact. 
C)  It is a market-based approach. 
D)  Regulatory agencies must have sufficient funding to enforce compliance. 
E)  It provides no incentive for companies to reduce pollution below mandated limits. 
A)  It directly changes the behavior of the regulated industry. 
B)  A one-size-fits-all approach may limit some industries' ability to use the most cost-effective methods to address their impact. 
C)  It is a market-based approach. 
D)  Regulatory agencies must have sufficient funding to enforce compliance. 
E)  It provides no incentive for companies to reduce pollution below mandated limits.

Question 3

Explain why the United States felt the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 was unfair and therefore did not ratify it.

Accepted Answer

The Kyoto Protocol set emission-reductio

Question 4

In 2009, the Supreme Court gave the EPA the authority to regulate greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide under the:

Accepted Answer

A)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A) . 
B)  Clean Air Act (CA
A) . 
C)  Toxic Substances Act (TOSC
A) . 
D)  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCL
A) . 
E)  None of these answers-the EPA lacks the authority to regulate greenhouse gases. 
A)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A) . 
B)  Clean Air Act (CA
A) . 
C)  Toxic Substances Act (TOSC
A) . 
D)  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCL
A) . 
E)  None of these answers-the EPA lacks the authority to regulate greenhouse gases.

Question 5

The flawed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) program could have been improved by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing credits awarded to HFC projects. 
B)  incorporating more flexibility or fail-safe options. 
C)  removing adaptive management. 
D)  decreasing funding for low-carbon energy-production facilities. 
E)  mandating that the European Union accept HFC-23 credits. 
A)  increasing credits awarded to HFC projects. 
B)  incorporating more flexibility or fail-safe options. 
C)  removing adaptive management. 
D)  decreasing funding for low-carbon energy-production facilities. 
E)  mandating that the European Union accept HFC-23 credits.

Question 6

What type of policy is needed when an environmental problem extends across national boundaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  national 
B)  local 
C)  international 
D)  state 
E)  intranational 
A)  national 
B)  local 
C)  international 
D)  state 
E)  intranational

Question 7

Explain the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Accepted Answer

Congress established the EPA in 1970 as

Question 8

What is an environmental policy? Why are many environmental problems considered "wicked problems"?

Accepted Answer

An environmental policy is a course of a

Question 9

Compare command and control regulation with market-based approaches that create economic incentives. What are some advantages and disadvantages of these policy tools?

Accepted Answer

Governmental command and control can tak

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a form of command and control regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  subsidies 
B)  permits to authorize operation 
C)  performance and technology standards 
D)  penalties 
E)  none of these answers 
A)  subsidies 
B)  permits to authorize operation 
C)  performance and technology standards 
D)  penalties 
E)  none of these answers

Question 11

A(n) _____________ problem is one that extends across state and national boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  transboundary 
B)  environmental 
C)  adaptive 
D)  national 
E)  political 
A)  transboundary 
B)  environmental 
C)  adaptive 
D)  national 
E)  political

Question 12

__________ taxes refer to taxes levied on an environmentally harmful action.

Accepted Answer

A)  Polluter 
B)  Green 
C)  Industrial 
D)  Emission-based 
E)  Eco-based 
A)  Polluter 
B)  Green 
C)  Industrial 
D)  Emission-based 
E)  Eco-based

Question 13

An environmental impact statement (EIS) accomplishes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  sets monetary damages awarded to the plaintiff in an environmental lawsuit 
B)  outlines the positive and negative impacts of a proposed action 
C)  allows a private citizen to sue, in federal court, a violator of environmental law 
D)  details damage done to an environment, including air, water, and soil 
E)  regulates production and distribution of designated toxic chemicals 
A)  sets monetary damages awarded to the plaintiff in an environmental lawsuit 
B)  outlines the positive and negative impacts of a proposed action 
C)  allows a private citizen to sue, in federal court, a violator of environmental law 
D)  details damage done to an environment, including air, water, and soil 
E)  regulates production and distribution of designated toxic chemicals

Question 14

The _____________________ is a UN program that allows a country with a commitment to greenhouse gas reduction to implement emission-reduction projects in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kyoto Protocol 
B)  Carbon Crediting System 
C)  Clean Development Mechanism 
D)  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
E)  Precautionary Principle 
A)  Kyoto Protocol 
B)  Carbon Crediting System 
C)  Clean Development Mechanism 
D)  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 
E)  Precautionary Principle

Question 15

The _______________ was the first international effort to set reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  1997 Kyoto Protocol 
B)  1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC
C)  
C)  2007 Bali Road Map (UNFCC
C)  
D)  2010 Cancun Agreements (UNFCC
C)  
E)  2009 Copenhagen Accord (UNFCC
C)  
A)  1997 Kyoto Protocol 
B)  1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC
C)  
C)  2007 Bali Road Map (UNFCC
C)  
D)  2010 Cancun Agreements (UNFCC
C)  
E)  2009 Copenhagen Accord (UNFCC
C)

Question 16

Which was the first environmental law that required the U.S. government to consider environmental issues before approving policies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCL
A)  
B)  Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSC
A)  
C)  Clean Water Act (CW
A)  
D)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A)  
E)  Clean Air Act (CA
A)  
A)  Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCL
A)  
B)  Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSC
A)  
C)  Clean Water Act (CW
A)  
D)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A)  
E)  Clean Air Act (CA
A)

Question 17

An effective international policy often requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  time and lots of work. 
B)  the identification of specific targets. 
C)  compromise. 
D)  addressing the causes as well as the consequences. 
E)  All of these answers are often required. 
A)  time and lots of work. 
B)  the identification of specific targets. 
C)  compromise. 
D)  addressing the causes as well as the consequences. 
E)  All of these answers are often required.

Question 18

Which of the following environmental issues occurs across state and national boundaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  ozone depletion 
B)  species endangerment 
C)  global warming 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  only A and B 
A)  ozone depletion 
B)  species endangerment 
C)  global warming 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  only A and B

Question 19

What was the Kyoto Protocol, and how was compliance enforced?

Accepted Answer

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997.

Question 20

The ________________ allows U.S. citizens to sue, in federal court, perceived violators of certain environmental laws, in order to force compliance.

Accepted Answer

A)  citizen suit provision 
B)  protection standard 
C)  litigation loophole 
D)  National Act 
E)  Environmental Policy Act 
A)  citizen suit provision 
B)  protection standard 
C)  litigation loophole 
D)  National Act 
E)  Environmental Policy Act

Exam 24: Urbanization- the Ghetto Goes Green: in the Bronx, Building a Better Backyard

A disadvantage of command-and-control policy used to protect the environment is:

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of command and control regulation?

Explain why the United States felt the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 was unfair and therefore did not ratify it.

In 2009, the Supreme Court gave the EPA the authority to regulate greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide under the:

The flawed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) program could have been improved by:

What type of policy is needed when an environmental problem extends across national boundaries?

Explain the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What is an environmental policy? Why are many environmental problems considered "wicked problems"?

Compare command and control regulation with market-based approaches that create economic incentives. What are some advantages and disadvantages of these policy tools?

Which of the following is NOT a form of command and control regulation?

A(n) _____________ problem is one that extends across state and national boundaries.

__________ taxes refer to taxes levied on an environmentally harmful action.

An environmental impact statement (EIS) accomplishes which of the following?

The _____________________ is a UN program that allows a country with a commitment to greenhouse gas reduction to implement emission-reduction projects in developing countries.

The _______________ was the first international effort to set reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries.

Which was the first environmental law that required the U.S. government to consider environmental issues before approving policies?

An effective international policy often requires:

Which of the following environmental issues occurs across state and national boundaries?

What was the Kyoto Protocol, and how was compliance enforced?

The ________________ allows U.S. citizens to sue, in federal court, perceived violators of certain environmental laws, in order to force compliance.

Environmental Literacy and the Goal of Sustainability - on the Road to Collapse: What Lessons Can We Learn From a Vanished Viking Society

Science Literacy and the Process of Science- Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone

Information Literacy:toxic Bottles on the Trail of Chemicals in Our Everyday Lives- Human Populations and Environmental Health

Human Populations- One Child China Grows Up: a Country Faces the Outcomes of Radical Population Control

Environmental Health- Eradicating a Parasitic Nightmare: Human Health Is Intricately Linked to the Environment- Consumption and the Environmental Footprint

Ecological Economics and Consumption- Wall to Wall, Cradle to Cradle: a Leading Carpet Company Takes a Chance on Going Green

Managing Solid Waste- a Plastic Surf: Are the Oceans Teeming With Trash- Ecology

Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycling- Engineering Earth: an Ambitious Attempt to Replicate Earths Life Support Systems Goes Awry

Population Ecology- the Wolf Watchers: Endangered Gray Wolves Return to the American West

Community Ecology- What the Stork Says: a Bird Species in the Everglades Reveals the Intricacies of a Threatened Ecosystem- Biodiversity and Evolution

Evolution- a Tropical Murder Mystery: Finding the Missing Birds of Guam

Biodiversity- Palm Planet: Production of a Common Household Ingredient Is Wreaking Havoc on Wildlife Across the Globe

Reserving Biodiversity- a Forest Without Elephants: Can We Save One of Earths Iconic Species- Water Resources

Freshwater Resources- Toilet to Tap: a California County Is Employing a Controversial Method to - Supply Drinking Water

Water Pollution- Into the Gulf: the Makings of a Dead Zone, Far Upstream- Food Resources

Feeding the World - a Gene Revolution: Can Genetically Engineered Food Help End Hunger

Agriculture- Farming Like an Ecosystem: Creative Solutions to Feeding the World- Conventional Energy: Fossil Fuels

Coal- Bringing Down the Mountain: in the Rubble, the True Costs of Coal

Oil and Natural Gas- the Bakken Oil Boom: Is Our Next Big Fuel Source Our Dirtiest- Air Pollution: Consequences of Using Fossil Fuels

Air Pollution- the Youngest Scientists: Kids on the Frontlines of Asthma Research

Climate Change- When the Trees Leave: Scientists Grapple With a Shifting Climate- Alternatives to Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power - the Future of Fukushima: Can Nuclear Energy Overcome Its Bad Rep

Sustainable Energy for Stationary Sources- Fueled by the Sun: a Small Island Makes Big Strides in Renewable Energy- Sustainable Living in Community

Environmental Policy

Counterfeit Cooling: in the Global Effort to Thwart Climate Change, Some Lessons Are

Learned After the Fact

Optional Chapters Available in Launchpad

Mineral Resources and Mining

Rare Earth Elements: a Bevy of Unfamiliar Minerals Are Crucial for Our Everyday

Technologies-But They Come With a Slew of Problems- Soil and Grassland Resources

Restoring the Range: the Key to Recovering the Worlds Grasslands May Be a Surprising One

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