Question 1

When lionfish invade a coral reef, the survival rate of native fish can decline by as much as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
E)  80% 
A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
E)  80%

Question 2

Coral is a type of marine:

Accepted Answer

A)  plant. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  bacterium. 
D)  animal. 
E)  protozoan. 
A)  plant. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  bacterium. 
D)  animal. 
E)  protozoan.

Question 3

Match the human activity to its correct consequence for marine ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  drilling for oil - coral bleaching 
B)  using fertilizer - ocean acidification 
C)  fishing with dynamite - algal blooms 
D)  releasing ballast water from ships - introduction of invasive species 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  drilling for oil - coral bleaching 
B)  using fertilizer - ocean acidification 
C)  fishing with dynamite - algal blooms 
D)  releasing ballast water from ships - introduction of invasive species 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 4

Why is proximity to land an important factor in determining the abundance of an ocean region? Provide an example to support your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The more nutrient-rich areas, and thus p

Question 5

How can we reduce threats to ocean ecosystems? Discuss three strategies to improve oceans and coasts, and explain the potential positive effects.

Accepted Answer

Students can select any three of the fol

Question 6

Why do corals need a mutualistic relationship with other species, like zooxanthellae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corals typically live in nutrient-poor regions. 
B)  Corals grow on top of one another 
C)  Corals live in cold water. 
D)  Corals live so deep that the sunlight cannot reach them. 
E)  Corals live in oxygen-poor water. 
A)  Corals typically live in nutrient-poor regions. 
B)  Corals grow on top of one another 
C)  Corals live in cold water. 
D)  Corals live so deep that the sunlight cannot reach them. 
E)  Corals live in oxygen-poor water.

Question 7

Where would you find the highest concentration of coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  freshwater lakes 
B)  freshwater streams 
C)  temperate marine areas 
D)  tropical marine areas 
E)  terrestrial areas 
A)  freshwater lakes 
B)  freshwater streams 
C)  temperate marine areas 
D)  tropical marine areas 
E)  terrestrial areas

Question 8

The greatest threat to coral reefs worldwide is ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  marine-based pollution 
B)  inland pollution 
C)  coastal development 
D)  overfishing 
E)  none of these answers 
A)  marine-based pollution 
B)  inland pollution 
C)  coastal development 
D)  overfishing 
E)  none of these answers

Question 9

Coral bleaching is:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the sun bleaches the pigment of the coral and turns it white. 
B)  when a chemical spill causes the coral to die and the skeleton, which is white, to show through. 
C)  when coral expel the zooxanthellae from their cells in response to stress. 
D)  when coral turns white due to lowering water temperatures. 
E)  when another organism colonizes the coral and turns it white. 
A)  when the sun bleaches the pigment of the coral and turns it white. 
B)  when a chemical spill causes the coral to die and the skeleton, which is white, to show through. 
C)  when coral expel the zooxanthellae from their cells in response to stress. 
D)  when coral turns white due to lowering water temperatures. 
E)  when another organism colonizes the coral and turns it white.

Question 10

What is ocean acidification? How are humans contributing to ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

Ocean acidification is the name scientis

Question 11

Coral reefs are limited to shallow water, and there is a concern that rising sea levels will affect the reefs. This is because ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they require the lower salinity found in shallow waters 
B)  there are more nutrients found in shallow water 
C)  their symbiotic zooxanthellae require light to survive 
D)  they require coastal upwellings of CO₂ in order to survive 
E)  it is too difficult for them to build reefs in deeper water 
A)  they require the lower salinity found in shallow waters 
B)  there are more nutrients found in shallow water 
C)  their symbiotic zooxanthellae require light to survive 
D)  they require coastal upwellings of CO₂ in order to survive 
E)  it is too difficult for them to build reefs in deeper water

Question 12

nfographic 29.1.
 
-Which factor in the ocean is key in determining environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  space 
B)  depth 
C)  predators 
D)  pressure 
E)  biota 
A)  space 
B)  depth 
C)  predators 
D)  pressure 
E)  biota

Question 13

Infographic 29.6.
 
-Refer to Infographic 29.6. What does the white area on this coral indicate? Discuss the possible causes and the ecological impact of this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

The white area indicates bleached coral.

Question 14

What are the causes of algal blooms, and how do algal blooms affect coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

Runoff from agricultural areas contains

Question 15

The deepest zone in the ocean is the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  abyssal 
B)  hadal 
C)  bathypelagic 
D)  epipelagic 
E)  meso 
A)  abyssal 
B)  hadal 
C)  bathypelagic 
D)  epipelagic 
E)  meso

Question 16

Which of the following changes will have the MOST global effect on coral reefs despite their particular geographic location in the oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased water temperatures from anthropogenic CO₂ emissions 
B)  increased salinity from desalination of ocean water for human use 
C)  increased oxygen concentrations from algal blooms due to nutrient pollution 
D)  increased predation of native coral reef fish by non-native lionfish 
E)  increased sediment pollution from clear-cut inland forests that smother reefs 
A)  increased water temperatures from anthropogenic CO₂ emissions 
B)  increased salinity from desalination of ocean water for human use 
C)  increased oxygen concentrations from algal blooms due to nutrient pollution 
D)  increased predation of native coral reef fish by non-native lionfish 
E)  increased sediment pollution from clear-cut inland forests that smother reefs

Question 17

Why do ecologists consider coral reefs a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

Keystone species are particular organism

Question 18

All of the following actions would threaten the ocean's ability to provide ecosystem goods and services EXCEPT ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dumping motor oil down storm drains 
B)  fishing using bottom trawlers 
C)  spilling gasoline while fueling your lawn mower 
D)  soil erosion from construction sites 
E)  installing solar panels 
A)  dumping motor oil down storm drains 
B)  fishing using bottom trawlers 
C)  spilling gasoline while fueling your lawn mower 
D)  soil erosion from construction sites 
E)  installing solar panels

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a source of human impact on marine ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  fishing practices such as bottom trawling 
B)  resort development in coastal areas 
C)  agricultural use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides 
D)  offshore oil drilling 
E)  All of the above are examples of human impact on marine ecosystems. 
A)  fishing practices such as bottom trawling 
B)  resort development in coastal areas 
C)  agricultural use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides 
D)  offshore oil drilling 
E)  All of the above are examples of human impact on marine ecosystems.

Question 20

Infographic 29.3.
 
-Refer to Infographic 29.3. Which ocean zone has the highest rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  abyssal 
B)  hadal 
C)  bathypelagic 
D)  epipelagic 
E)  meso 
A)  abyssal 
B)  hadal 
C)  bathypelagic 
D)  epipelagic 
E)  meso

Exam 29: Mineral Resources and Mining

When lionfish invade a coral reef, the survival rate of native fish can decline by as much as ______.

Coral is a type of marine:

Match the human activity to its correct consequence for marine ecosystems.

Why is proximity to land an important factor in determining the abundance of an ocean region? Provide an example to support your reasoning.

How can we reduce threats to ocean ecosystems? Discuss three strategies to improve oceans and coasts, and explain the potential positive effects.

Why do corals need a mutualistic relationship with other species, like zooxanthellae?

Where would you find the highest concentration of coral reefs?

The greatest threat to coral reefs worldwide is ___________.

Coral bleaching is:

What is ocean acidification? How are humans contributing to ocean acidification?

Coral reefs are limited to shallow water, and there is a concern that rising sea levels will affect the reefs. This is because ______________.

nfographic 29.1. -Which factor in the ocean is key in determining environmental conditions?

Infographic 29.6. -Refer to Infographic 29.6. What does the white area on this coral indicate? Discuss the possible causes and the ecological impact of this phenomenon.

What are the causes of algal blooms, and how do algal blooms affect coral reefs?

The deepest zone in the ocean is the ____________.

Which of the following changes will have the MOST global effect on coral reefs despite their particular geographic location in the oceans?

Why do ecologists consider coral reefs a keystone species?

All of the following actions would threaten the ocean's ability to provide ecosystem goods and services EXCEPT ___________.

Which of the following is NOT a source of human impact on marine ecosystems?

Infographic 29.3. -Refer to Infographic 29.3. Which ocean zone has the highest rate of photosynthesis?

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