Question 1

Which of the following is true about a correlation of +.70 between variables A and B?

Accepted Answer

A)  about half of the variability in A can be accounted for by variability in B 
B)  the scores for A and B will be about the same 70% of the time 
C)  there would be a greater ability to predict than for a correlation of -.70 
D)  A causes B about 70% of the time; B causes A about 30% of the time 
A)  about half of the variability in A can be accounted for by variability in B 
B)  the scores for A and B will be about the same 70% of the time 
C)  there would be a greater ability to predict than for a correlation of -.70 
D)  A causes B about 70% of the time; B causes A about 30% of the time

Question 2

A research design with the same interpretation problem as a correlational study is

Accepted Answer

A)  a repeated-measures design 
B)  a mixed design 
C)  a P x E factorial design 
D)  an independent groups design 
A)  a repeated-measures design 
B)  a mixed design 
C)  a P x E factorial design 
D)  an independent groups design

Question 3

The correlation between verbal SAT scores (maximum score = 800) and freshman GPA will be lowest at a school

Accepted Answer

A)  with an open enrollment policy 
B)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 400 on the verbal SAT 
C)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 500 on the verbal SAT 
D)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 600 on the verbal SAT 
A)  with an open enrollment policy 
B)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 400 on the verbal SAT 
C)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 500 on the verbal SAT 
D)  that only accepts students with a minimum of 600 on the verbal SAT

Question 4

Explain how correlational twin studies can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of heredity and environment to some trait.

Accepted Answer

Correlational twin studies are used to e

Question 5

Explain the directionality problem and how it is addressed by a cross-lagged panel procedure.

Accepted Answer

The directionality problem refers to the

Question 6

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship must be nonlinear 
B)  the variables must be measured on at least an ordinal scale 
C)  the range of scores must be restricted on at least one of the variables 
D)  the variables must be measured on either an interval or a ratio scale 
A)  the relationship must be nonlinear 
B)  the variables must be measured on at least an ordinal scale 
C)  the range of scores must be restricted on at least one of the variables 
D)  the variables must be measured on either an interval or a ratio scale

Question 7

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship must be linear 
B)  the relationship must be nonlinear 
C)  the relationship must be inverse 
D)  the relationship must be a positive one 
A)  the relationship must be linear 
B)  the relationship must be nonlinear 
C)  the relationship must be inverse 
D)  the relationship must be a positive one

Question 8

Describe how researchers may combine correlational and experimental methods to investigate some phenomenon. Use the research example on loneliness and anthropomorphism (Epley et al.) to illustrate your points.

Accepted Answer

Researchers may combine correlational an

Question 9

A researcher discovers a strong correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV and the level of aggression shown at school. What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  watching a lot of TV causes children to become aggressive 
B)  naturally aggressive children are led to watch a lot of TV 
C)  knowing TV-watching patterns enables a prediction of aggressiveness 
D)  because of the distraction of TV, those who watch a lot of it are not very aggressive 
A)  watching a lot of TV causes children to become aggressive 
B)  naturally aggressive children are led to watch a lot of TV 
C)  knowing TV-watching patterns enables a prediction of aggressiveness 
D)  because of the distraction of TV, those who watch a lot of it are not very aggressive

Question 10

In a(n) _________, changes in one variable are accompanied by inverse changes in a second variable.

Accepted Answer

negative c

Question 11

A regression equation is used for

Accepted Answer

A)  making predictions about a second variable, given the value of the first variable 
B)  solving the directionality problem 
C)  solving the third variable problem 
D)  calculating the size of the correlation 
A)  making predictions about a second variable, given the value of the first variable 
B)  solving the directionality problem 
C)  solving the third variable problem 
D)  calculating the size of the correlation

Question 12

Explain why Pearson's r calculations can appear in studies that are experimental in design and ANOVAs can appear in studies that are correlational in design.

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r calculations can appear in s

Question 13

Although experimental studies with manipulated independent variables have the advantage of allowing stronger conclusions, correlational research is essential. Explain why.

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies with manipulated in

Question 14

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that genius was inherited. His work included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a scatterplot 
B)  the phenomenon of regression to the mean 
C)  a formula for calculating precise correlations 
D)  a regression line 
A)  a scatterplot 
B)  the phenomenon of regression to the mean 
C)  a formula for calculating precise correlations 
D)  a regression line

Question 15

A regression line for a correlation of -1.00 would

Accepted Answer

A)  be parallel to the X-axis 
B)  be parallel to the Y-axis 
C)  higher for low values on the X-axis than for high values on the X-axis 
D)  higher for high values on the X-axis than for low values on the X-axis 
A)  be parallel to the X-axis 
B)  be parallel to the Y-axis 
C)  higher for low values on the X-axis than for high values on the X-axis 
D)  higher for high values on the X-axis than for low values on the X-axis

Question 16

Suppose there is a high positive correlation between reading speed and reading comprehension. You suspect that IQ is a potential third variable. You complete a partial correlation procedure and, with IQ controlled statistically, the high correlation between speed and comprehension virtually disappears. What do you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  IQ is an important third variable affecting the correlation 
B)  IQ can be ruled out as a third variable underlying the correlation 
C)  IQ must be the cause of the correlation 
D)  not enough information to decide 
A)  IQ is an important third variable affecting the correlation 
B)  IQ can be ruled out as a third variable underlying the correlation 
C)  IQ must be the cause of the correlation 
D)  not enough information to decide

Question 17

Which of the following would be most likely to produce a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between college grades and parents' IQ 
B)  the relationship between college grades and total TV watching time 
C)  the relationship between college grades and high school grades 
D)  the relationship between college grades and time spent in library 
A)  the relationship between college grades and parents' IQ 
B)  the relationship between college grades and total TV watching time 
C)  the relationship between college grades and high school grades 
D)  the relationship between college grades and time spent in library

Question 18

Describe how outliers may affect a correlation and how can one determine if there are outliers in the data.

Accepted Answer

Outliers can greatly affect a correlatio

Question 19

Describe how correlational research can be used to examine the relationship between psychological defense and behavioral maturity.

Accepted Answer

Correlational research can be used to ex

Question 20

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach called for a united discipline of psychology, one that would conduct research in the spirit of which of the designs from Chapter 8?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonequivalent groups designs 
B)  mixed factorial designs 
C)  P x E factorial designs 
D)  repeated-measures designs 
A)  nonequivalent groups designs 
B)  mixed factorial designs 
C)  P x E factorial designs 
D)  repeated-measures designs

Which of the following is true about a correlation of +.70 between variables A and B?

A research design with the same interpretation problem as a correlational study is

The correlation between verbal SAT scores (maximum score = 800) and freshman GPA will be lowest at a school

Explain how correlational twin studies can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of heredity and environment to some trait.

Explain the directionality problem and how it is addressed by a cross-lagged panel procedure.

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

Describe how researchers may combine correlational and experimental methods to investigate some phenomenon. Use the research example on loneliness and anthropomorphism (Epley et al.) to illustrate your points.

A researcher discovers a strong correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV and the level of aggression shown at school. What can be concluded?

In a(n) _________, changes in one variable are accompanied by inverse changes in a second variable.

A regression equation is used for

Explain why Pearson's r calculations can appear in studies that are experimental in design and ANOVAs can appear in studies that are correlational in design.

Although experimental studies with manipulated independent variables have the advantage of allowing stronger conclusions, correlational research is essential. Explain why.

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that genius was inherited. His work included all of the following except

A regression line for a correlation of -1.00 would

Which of the following would be most likely to produce a negative correlation?

Describe how outliers may affect a correlation and how can one determine if there are outliers in the data.

Describe how correlational research can be used to examine the relationship between psychological defense and behavioral maturity.

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach called for a united discipline of psychology, one that would conduct research in the spirit of which of the designs from Chapter 8?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 9: Correlational Research

Which of the following is true about a correlation of +.70 between variables A and B?

A research design with the same interpretation problem as a correlational study is

The correlation between verbal SAT scores (maximum score = 800) and freshman GPA will be lowest at a school

Explain how correlational twin studies can be used to evaluate the relative contribution of heredity and environment to some trait.

Explain the directionality problem and how it is addressed by a cross-lagged panel procedure.

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

In order for a Pearson's r to reflect a meaningful relationship, which of the following must be true?

Describe how researchers may combine correlational and experimental methods to investigate some phenomenon. Use the research example on loneliness and anthropomorphism (Epley et al.) to illustrate your points.

A researcher discovers a strong correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV and the level of aggression shown at school. What can be concluded?

In a(n) _________, changes in one variable are accompanied by inverse changes in a second variable.

A regression equation is used for

Explain why Pearson's r calculations can appear in studies that are experimental in design and ANOVAs can appear in studies that are correlational in design.

Although experimental studies with manipulated independent variables have the advantage of allowing stronger conclusions, correlational research is essential. Explain why.

Galton uncovered the basic features of a correlational approach in his efforts to show that genius was inherited. His work included all of the following except

A regression line for a correlation of -1.00 would

Which of the following would be most likely to produce a negative correlation?

Describe how outliers may affect a correlation and how can one determine if there are outliers in the data.

Describe how correlational research can be used to examine the relationship between psychological defense and behavioral maturity.

In his 1957 "two disciplines" address, Cronbach called for a united discipline of psychology, one that would conduct research in the spirit of which of the designs from Chapter 8?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters