Exam 23: The Urinary System

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop,K⁺ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________.K⁺ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

A renal pyramid voids urine into the __________.

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Micturition is another term for __________.

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Natriuretic peptide inhibits __________ reabsorption by the collecting duct,which _________ urine output.

The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

A byproduct of protein catabolism,__________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate.

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident.He complains of mid-back pain.X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures.His emergency room examination includes urinalysis.Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident,but not to the urinary bladder?

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells.