Question 1

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Aldosterone acts on the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  medullary portion of the collecting duct 
C)  descending limb of the nephron loop 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  medullary portion of the collecting duct 
C)  descending limb of the nephron loop 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  glomerulus

Question 3

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adventitia 
B)  Two layers of smooth muscle 
C)  Three layers of smooth muscle 
D)  Transitional epithelium 
E)  Skeletal muscle 
A)  Adventitia 
B)  Two layers of smooth muscle 
C)  Three layers of smooth muscle 
D)  Transitional epithelium 
E)  Skeletal muscle

Question 4

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  supply salt and urea to the renal medulla 
B)  supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex 
C)  supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla 
D)  remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex 
E)  remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla 
A)  supply salt and urea to the renal medulla 
B)  supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex 
C)  supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla 
D)  remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex 
E)  remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla

Question 6

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here,the __________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubules 
B)  distal convoluted tubules 
C)  loops of Henle 
D)  collecting ducts 
E)  glomeruli 
A)  proximal convoluted tubules 
B)  distal convoluted tubules 
C)  loops of Henle 
D)  collecting ducts 
E)  glomeruli

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased urine volume 
B)  Decreased urine molarity 
C)  Increased urine volume 
D)  Increased urine salinity 
E)  Increased urine acidity 
A)  Decreased urine volume 
B)  Decreased urine molarity 
C)  Increased urine volume 
D)  Increased urine salinity 
E)  Increased urine acidity

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ afferent arteriole → interlobular a. 
B)  Interlobar a.→ interlobular a.→ segmental a.→ arcuate a. 
C)  Segmental a.→ interlobar a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobular a. 
D)  Afferent arteriole → interlobular a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a. 
E)  Segmental a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ interlobular a. 
A)  Arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ afferent arteriole → interlobular a. 
B)  Interlobar a.→ interlobular a.→ segmental a.→ arcuate a. 
C)  Segmental a.→ interlobar a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobular a. 
D)  Afferent arteriole → interlobular a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a. 
E)  Segmental a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ interlobular a.

Question 10

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  The urinary system 
B)  The cardiovascular system 
C)  The integumentary system 
D)  The digestive system 
E)  The respiratory system 
A)  The urinary system 
B)  The cardiovascular system 
C)  The integumentary system 
D)  The digestive system 
E)  The respiratory system

Question 11

Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen,which is released from the _________,to form angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs 
B)  kidneys 
C)  liver 
D)  heart 
E)  spleen 
A)  lungs 
B)  kidneys 
C)  liver 
D)  heart 
E)  spleen

Question 13

The __________ is not a portion of the urethra.

Accepted Answer

A)  external urethral orifice 
B)  internal urethral sphincter 
C)  prostatic urethra 
D)  membranous urethra 
E)  spongy urethra 
A)  external urethral orifice 
B)  internal urethral sphincter 
C)  prostatic urethra 
D)  membranous urethra 
E)  spongy urethra

Question 14

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of all the solute 
B)  a renal clearance of zero 
C)  a net filtration pressure of 1.0 
D)  appearance of that solute in the urine 
E)  absence of that solute from the urine 
A)  reabsorption of all the solute 
B)  a renal clearance of zero 
C)  a net filtration pressure of 1.0 
D)  appearance of that solute in the urine 
E)  absence of that solute from the urine

Question 15

Which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The urinary system 
B)  The cardiovascular system 
C)  The integumentary system 
D)  The digestive system 
E)  The respiratory system 
A)  The urinary system 
B)  The cardiovascular system 
C)  The integumentary system 
D)  The digestive system 
E)  The respiratory system

Question 16

The __________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production,while the function of its __________ innervation is unknown.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic;parasympathetic 
B)  parasympathetic;sympathetic 
C)  central;peripheral 
D)  peripheral;central 
E)  enteric;somatic 
A)  sympathetic;parasympathetic 
B)  parasympathetic;sympathetic 
C)  central;peripheral 
D)  peripheral;central 
E)  enteric;somatic

Question 17

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerular capillaries 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  renal corpuscle 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  glomerular capillaries 
E)  collecting duct

Question 18

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure,__________ stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.

Accepted Answer

A)  azotemia 
B)  sodium chloride 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  angiotensin II 
A)  azotemia 
B)  sodium chloride 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  angiotensin II

Question 20

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The collecting duct 
B)  The countercurrent multiplier 
C)  The countercurrent exchange system 
D)  Diuretics 
E)  The length of the nephrons 
A)  The collecting duct 
B)  The countercurrent multiplier 
C)  The countercurrent exchange system 
D)  Diuretics 
E)  The length of the nephrons

Exam 23: The Urinary System

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure.

Aldosterone acts on the __________.

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is to __________.

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here,the __________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus.

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen,which is released from the _________,to form angiotensin I.

The __________ is not a portion of the urethra.

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in __________.

Which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?

The __________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production,while the function of its __________ innervation is unknown.

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the __________.

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below.

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure,__________ stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genetics of Cellular Function

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord,spinal Nerves,and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Endocrine System

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Atlas a General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Filters

The innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production,while the function of its innervation is unknown.