Question 1

A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by

Accepted Answer

A) cohort effects. 
B) participant attrition. 
C) differential history effects. 
D) assignment bias. 
A) cohort effects. 
B) participant attrition. 
C) differential history effects. 
D) assignment bias.

Question 2

A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals,each group representing a different age,is called

Accepted Answer

A) a time-series design. 
B) an interrupted time-series design. 
C) a cross-sectional developmental design. 
D) a longitudinal developmental design. 
A) a time-series design. 
B) an interrupted time-series design. 
C) a cross-sectional developmental design. 
D) a longitudinal developmental design.

Question 3

Which of the following distinguishes a time-series design from an interrupted time-series design?

Accepted Answer

A) Time series examines the effect of a treatment and interrupted time series examines the effect of an outside event. 
B) Time series examines the effect of an outside event and interrupted time series examines the effect of a treatment. 
C) Time series involves several observations before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has only one observation before and after. 
D) Time series involves only one observation before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has several observations before and after. 
A) Time series examines the effect of a treatment and interrupted time series examines the effect of an outside event. 
B) Time series examines the effect of an outside event and interrupted time series examines the effect of a treatment. 
C) Time series involves several observations before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has only one observation before and after. 
D) Time series involves only one observation before and after the treatment/event and interrupted time series has several observations before and after.

Question 4

The basic threat to internal validity for a nonequivalent groups design is

Accepted Answer

A) history. 
B) assignment bias. 
C) regression. 
D) reactivity. 
A) history. 
B) assignment bias. 
C) regression. 
D) reactivity.

Question 5

The primary problem with a cross-sectional developmental design is that differences between age groups may not be caused by age but rather are caused by

Accepted Answer

A) history effects. 
B) regression toward the mean. 
C) cohort effects. 
D) differential attrition. 
A) history effects. 
B) regression toward the mean. 
C) cohort effects. 
D) differential attrition.

Question 6

In a time series design,the series of observations before treatment helps reduce threats to internal validity because

Accepted Answer

A) a series of observations is more reliable than a single observation. 
B) a series of observations has more validity than a single observation. 
C)  if an outside factor is influencing the scores,the effects should be seen before the treatment is administered. 
D)  if an outside factor is influencing the scores,it can be stopped before the treatment is administered. 
A) a series of observations is more reliable than a single observation. 
B) a series of observations has more validity than a single observation. 
C)  if an outside factor is influencing the scores,the effects should be seen before the treatment is administered. 
D)  if an outside factor is influencing the scores,it can be stopped before the treatment is administered.

Question 7

In a cross-sectional developmental study,age would be the quasi-independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following accurately describes what is evaluated by differential research?

Accepted Answer

A) differences between treatment conditions using the same group of participants in all treatments 
B) differences between treatment conditions using a separate group of participants for each treatment 
C) differences in scores before a treatment versus scores after a treatment 
D) differences in scores between preexisting groups of participants 
A) differences between treatment conditions using the same group of participants in all treatments 
B) differences between treatment conditions using a separate group of participants for each treatment 
C) differences in scores before a treatment versus scores after a treatment 
D) differences in scores between preexisting groups of participants

Question 9

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a longitudinal design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) cannot determine without more information. 
A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) cannot determine without more information.

Question 10

A cross-sectional design comparing three different ages would require three separate groups of participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs.

Accepted Answer

Both time-series designs require a serie

Question 12

The internal validity of the pre-post designs is threatened by

Accepted Answer

A) threats related to time. 
B) threats related to differences between groups. 
C) differential effects. 
D) the other three choices are all threats to pre-post designs. 
A) threats related to time. 
B) threats related to differences between groups. 
C) differential effects. 
D) the other three choices are all threats to pre-post designs.

Question 13

Differential research is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Longitudinal developmental studies provide a relatively quick and easy way to evaluate development over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) cannot determine without more information. 
A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 60 
D) cannot determine without more information.

Question 16

The posttest-only nonequivalent control group design comes close to being a true experiment and therefore is a quasi-experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Nonexperimental studies always contain a threat to internal validity,which means that these studies cannot establish unambiguous cause-and-effect relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Describe the similarities and differences between experiments and nonexperiments or quasi-experiments.

Accepted Answer

Nonexperimental and quasi-experimental s

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct classification for a posttest-only nonequivalent control group design?

Accepted Answer

A) nonexperimental study 
B) quasi-experimental study 
C) experiment 
D) correlational study 
A) nonexperimental study 
B) quasi-experimental study 
C) experiment 
D) correlational study

Question 20

The time-series design is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by

A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals,each group representing a different age,is called

Which of the following distinguishes a time-series design from an interrupted time-series design?

The basic threat to internal validity for a nonequivalent groups design is

The primary problem with a cross-sectional developmental design is that differences between age groups may not be caused by age but rather are caused by

In a time series design,the series of observations before treatment helps reduce threats to internal validity because

In a cross-sectional developmental study,age would be the quasi-independent variable.

Which of the following accurately describes what is evaluated by differential research?

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a longitudinal design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

A cross-sectional design comparing three different ages would require three separate groups of participants.

Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs.

The internal validity of the pre-post designs is threatened by

Differential research is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Longitudinal developmental studies provide a relatively quick and easy way to evaluate development over time.

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

The posttest-only nonequivalent control group design comes close to being a true experiment and therefore is a quasi-experimental design.

Nonexperimental studies always contain a threat to internal validity,which means that these studies cannot establish unambiguous cause-and-effect relationships.

Describe the similarities and differences between experiments and nonexperiments or quasi-experiments.

Which of the following is the correct classification for a posttest-only nonequivalent control group design?

The time-series design is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by

A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of individuals,each group representing a different age,is called

Which of the following distinguishes a time-series design from an interrupted time-series design?

The basic threat to internal validity for a nonequivalent groups design is

The primary problem with a cross-sectional developmental design is that differences between age groups may not be caused by age but rather are caused by

In a time series design,the series of observations before treatment helps reduce threats to internal validity because

In a cross-sectional developmental study,age would be the quasi-independent variable.

Which of the following accurately describes what is evaluated by differential research?

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a longitudinal design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

A cross-sectional design comparing three different ages would require three separate groups of participants.

Describe the similarities and differences between time-series and interrupted time-series designs.

The internal validity of the pre-post designs is threatened by

Differential research is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Longitudinal developmental studies provide a relatively quick and easy way to evaluate development over time.

A researcher is examining motor skill development by observing children at 18 months old,24 months old,and 30 months old.If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age,how many children participated in the entire study?

The posttest-only nonequivalent control group design comes close to being a true experiment and therefore is a quasi-experimental design.

Nonexperimental studies always contain a threat to internal validity,which means that these studies cannot establish unambiguous cause-and-effect relationships.

Describe the similarities and differences between experiments and nonexperiments or quasi-experiments.

Which of the following is the correct classification for a posttest-only nonequivalent control group design?

The time-series design is an example of the quasi-experimental research strategy.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters