Question 1

Which of the following accurately describes nonequivalent group design?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent. 
B) The two groups have completely different characteristics. 
C) The researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal. 
D) The number of participants is different from one group to another. 
A)  The researcher cannot control which people go into each group and cannot ensure that the groups are equivalent. 
B) The two groups have completely different characteristics. 
C) The researcher has randomly assigned people to groups so there is no guarantee that the groups are equal. 
D) The number of participants is different from one group to another.

Question 2

Nonexperimental research typically involves looking at differences between preexisting groups or at changes that occur over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A researcher introduces a new mathematics program in one school district and uses a neighboring district as a no-treatment control group.Before the program begins,the students in both districts are given a standardized mathematics test.After the program is in place for 6 months,the students are tested again and the researcher compares the before and after scores for the two groups.This research study is classified as

Accepted Answer

A) correlational. 
B) experimental. 
C) quasi-experimental. 
D) nonexperimental. 
A) correlational. 
B) experimental. 
C) quasi-experimental. 
D) nonexperimental.

Question 4

Differential history effects are a threat to internal validity for which of the following designs?

Accepted Answer

A) differential research design 
B) one-group pretest-posttest design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) the other three choices are all designs threatened by differential history effects. 
A) differential research design 
B) one-group pretest-posttest design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) the other three choices are all designs threatened by differential history effects.

Question 5

Some threats to internal validity are related to time and other threats are related to differences between groups.Which of the following is a threat related to time?

Accepted Answer

A) history effects 
B) assignment bias 
C) differential history effects 
D) the other three choices are all threats related to time. 
A) history effects 
B) assignment bias 
C) differential history effects 
D) the other three choices are all threats related to time.

Question 6

A quasi-experimental design

Accepted Answer

A) makes no attempt to minimize threats to validity. 
B) makes some attempts to minimize threats to validity. 
C) controls extraneous variables,similar to an experiment. 
D) manipulates one variable,similar to an experiment. 
A) makes no attempt to minimize threats to validity. 
B) makes some attempts to minimize threats to validity. 
C) controls extraneous variables,similar to an experiment. 
D) manipulates one variable,similar to an experiment.

Question 7

Which kind of research uses a non-manipulated participant variable such as age or gender to define the groups being compared?

Accepted Answer

A) time-series 
B) differential 
C) one-group pretest-posttest 
D) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group 
A) time-series 
B) differential 
C) one-group pretest-posttest 
D) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group

Question 8

For which of the following studies does the researcher not control which individuals are assigned to which group?

Accepted Answer

A) between-subjects experiment 
B) within-subjects experiment 
C) nonequivalent group design 
D) pre-post design 
A) between-subjects experiment 
B) within-subjects experiment 
C) nonequivalent group design 
D) pre-post design

Question 9

In a typical pre-post study

Accepted Answer

A) two groups are measured before and after a treatment. 
B) two groups are measured after a treatment. 
C) one group is measured after a treatment. 
D) one group is measured before and after a treatment. 
A) two groups are measured before and after a treatment. 
B) two groups are measured after a treatment. 
C) one group is measured after a treatment. 
D) one group is measured before and after a treatment.

Question 10

Cohort effects are not a concern for longitudinal developmental designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs,however in a pre-post design it is impossible to

Accepted Answer

A) randomly assign participants. 
B) counterbalance order of treatments. 
C) control for differential effects. 
D) generalize the results. 
A) randomly assign participants. 
B) counterbalance order of treatments. 
C) control for differential effects. 
D) generalize the results.

Question 12

A differential research design is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) nonequivalent group design. 
B) nonequivalent control group design. 
C) time-series design. 
D) pretest-posttest design. 
A) nonequivalent group design. 
B) nonequivalent control group design. 
C) time-series design. 
D) pretest-posttest design.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an example of a nonexperimental or quasi-experimental study?

Accepted Answer

A) a study comparing self-esteem scores for children with a learning disability versus scores for children without a learning disability 
B) a study comparing depression scores before therapy versus scores after therapy 
C) a study comparing performance in a room where the walls have been painted yellow versus performance in a room painted blue 
D) a study comparing attitude scores for men versus scores for women 
A) a study comparing self-esteem scores for children with a learning disability versus scores for children without a learning disability 
B) a study comparing depression scores before therapy versus scores after therapy 
C) a study comparing performance in a room where the walls have been painted yellow versus performance in a room painted blue 
D) a study comparing attitude scores for men versus scores for women

Question 14

Which research design is used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

Accepted Answer

A) differential research design 
B) pretest-only nonequivalent control group design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) time-series design 
A) differential research design 
B) pretest-only nonequivalent control group design 
C) pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design 
D) time-series design

Question 15

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

The advantages of the cross-sectional st

Question 16

A one-group pretest-posttest design (OXO)is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A) an experiment. 
B) a nonexperimental design. 
C) a nonequivalent groups quasi-experimental design. 
D) a time series quasi-experimental design. 
A) an experiment. 
B) a nonexperimental design. 
C) a nonequivalent groups quasi-experimental design. 
D) a time series quasi-experimental design.

Question 17

In a one-group pretest-posttest design a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A researcher introduces a new mathematics program in one school district and uses a neighboring district as a no-treatment control group.After the program is in place for 6 months,the researcher intends to give the students in both districts a standardized mathematics test and then compare their scores.This research cannot be classified as a true experiment because

Accepted Answer

A) the treatment is administered to only one group. 
B) there is no pretest to determine mathematics ability before the program. 
C)  the researcher does not control the assignment of participants to groups and therefore has a nonequivalent groups design. 
D) it is not conducted in a laboratory. 
A) the treatment is administered to only one group. 
B) there is no pretest to determine mathematics ability before the program. 
C)  the researcher does not control the assignment of participants to groups and therefore has a nonequivalent groups design. 
D) it is not conducted in a laboratory.

Question 19

A longitudinal developmental design is an example of the general category of

Accepted Answer

A) nonequivalent group designs. 
B) one-group pretest-posttest designs. 
C) time-series designs. 
D) interrupted time-series designs. 
A) nonequivalent group designs. 
B) one-group pretest-posttest designs. 
C) time-series designs. 
D) interrupted time-series designs.

Question 20

Describe how the relationship between memory ability and age could be examined using a cross-sectional design.How would the relationship be examined with a longitudinal design?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study would compare sepa

Which of the following accurately describes nonequivalent group design?

Nonexperimental research typically involves looking at differences between preexisting groups or at changes that occur over time.

Differential history effects are a threat to internal validity for which of the following designs?

Some threats to internal validity are related to time and other threats are related to differences between groups.Which of the following is a threat related to time?

A quasi-experimental design

Which kind of research uses a non-manipulated participant variable such as age or gender to define the groups being compared?

For which of the following studies does the researcher not control which individuals are assigned to which group?

In a typical pre-post study

Cohort effects are not a concern for longitudinal developmental designs.

The pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs,however in a pre-post design it is impossible to

A differential research design is an example of a

Which of the following is not an example of a nonexperimental or quasi-experimental study?

Which research design is used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

A one-group pretest-posttest design (OXO)is considered to be

In a one-group pretest-posttest design a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

A longitudinal developmental design is an example of the general category of

Describe how the relationship between memory ability and age could be examined using a cross-sectional design.How would the relationship be examined with a longitudinal design?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Which of the following accurately describes nonequivalent group design?

Nonexperimental research typically involves looking at differences between preexisting groups or at changes that occur over time.

Differential history effects are a threat to internal validity for which of the following designs?

Some threats to internal validity are related to time and other threats are related to differences between groups.Which of the following is a threat related to time?

A quasi-experimental design

Which kind of research uses a non-manipulated participant variable such as age or gender to define the groups being compared?

For which of the following studies does the researcher not control which individuals are assigned to which group?

In a typical pre-post study

Cohort effects are not a concern for longitudinal developmental designs.

The pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs,however in a pre-post design it is impossible to

A differential research design is an example of a

Which of the following is not an example of a nonexperimental or quasi-experimental study?

Which research design is used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce?

Describe the strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

A one-group pretest-posttest design (OXO)is considered to be

In a one-group pretest-posttest design a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

A longitudinal developmental design is an example of the general category of

Describe how the relationship between memory ability and age could be examined using a cross-sectional design.How would the relationship be examined with a longitudinal design?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters