Question 1

The goal of the correlational research strategy is

Accepted Answer

A) to examine and describe the relationship between variables. 
B) to examine and describe the causal relationship between variables. 
C) to describe an individual person or patient in great detail. 
D) to describe a variable (or variables)as they exist naturally. 
A) to examine and describe the relationship between variables. 
B) to examine and describe the causal relationship between variables. 
C) to describe an individual person or patient in great detail. 
D) to describe a variable (or variables)as they exist naturally.

Question 2

A researcher reports an inverse relationship between weight and exercise level for a group of 8-year-old children (greater weight is associated with less exercise).However,the researcher cannot be sure whether the extra weight is preventing the children from exercising or whether the lack of exercise is leading to greater weight.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem. 
A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem.

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

Accepted Answer

A) model year (2003,2004,etc.)and price for a used Honda 
B)  driving distance from college and weekly cost of gas for a group of commuting college students 
C) number of hours studying and number of errors on a math exam 
D) IQ and weight for a group of third-grade students 
A) model year (2003,2004,etc.)and price for a used Honda 
B)  driving distance from college and weekly cost of gas for a group of commuting college students 
C) number of hours studying and number of errors on a math exam 
D) IQ and weight for a group of third-grade students

Question 4

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

Accepted Answer

A correlational study produces two score

Question 5

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

Accepted Answer

A) Both establish the existence of a relationship by demonstrating a difference between groups. 
B) Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C) Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D) Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables. 
A) Both establish the existence of a relationship by demonstrating a difference between groups. 
B) Both use one of the two variables to create groups of participants. 
C) Both involve two groups with one score for each participant. 
D) Both demonstrate the existence of a relationship between two variables.

Question 7

The goal of the correlational research strategy is demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A researcher reports that there is no consistent relationship between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for college students.The correlation between grade point average and the number of hours studying is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one. 
A) a positive correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a correlation near zero. 
D) a correlation near one.

Question 10

Which research design is commonly used to help establish the reliability or validity of a measurement procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) the observational research design 
B) the survey research design 
C) the case study design 
D) the correlational design 
A) the observational research design 
B) the survey research design 
C) the case study design 
D) the correlational design

Question 11

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show

Accepted Answer

A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. 
A) points clustered close to a line that slopes up to the right. 
B) points clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. 
C) points widely scattered around a line that slopes up to the right. 
D) points widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right.

Question 12

A researcher reports a positive relationship between sugar consumption and activity level for a group of 8-year-old children.However,the researcher cannot be sure whether the extra sugar is causing the children to be more active or whether the extra activity is causing the children to eat more sugar.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem. 
A) the third-variable problem. 
B) the directionality problem. 
C) the reversal problem. 
D) the criterion problem.

Question 13

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

Accepted Answer

Although both a correlational study and

Question 15

To establish the validity of a measure,a researcher examines

Accepted Answer

A) the relationship between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
B) the relationship between the measure and another measure. 
C) the mean difference between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
D) the mean difference between the measure and another measure. 
A) the relationship between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
B) the relationship between the measure and another measure. 
C) the mean difference between the scores from 2 administrations of the measure. 
D) the mean difference between the measure and another measure.

Question 16

A defining characteristic of the correlational study is

Accepted Answer

A) the research is conducted in field settings rather than in a laboratory. 
B) the intent is simply to describe behaviors. 
C) the intent is to demonstrate the relationship between variables. 
D) the other three options are all defining characteristics of the correlational study. 
A) the research is conducted in field settings rather than in a laboratory. 
B) the intent is simply to describe behaviors. 
C) the intent is to demonstrate the relationship between variables. 
D) the other three options are all defining characteristics of the correlational study.

Question 17

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A researcher determines the amount of sugar in each child's diet by interviewing the children's parents.Then the researcher watches the children on a playground to obtain measurements of their level of activity.The researcher hopes to demonstrate that sugar intake is related to activity level.This researcher is using the

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive research strategy. 
B) correlational research strategy. 
C) experimental research strategy. 
D) scientific research strategy. 
A) descriptive research strategy. 
B) correlational research strategy. 
C) experimental research strategy. 
D) scientific research strategy.

Question 19

The strength or consistency of a relationship between variables is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) the sign of the correlation. 
B) the numerical value of the correlation. 
C) the type of correlation (Pearson or Spearman). 
D) the other three choices are all indications of the strength or consistency of a relationship. 
A) the sign of the correlation. 
B) the numerical value of the correlation. 
C) the type of correlation (Pearson or Spearman). 
D) the other three choices are all indications of the strength or consistency of a relationship.

Question 20

A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right.Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.80 
B) 0.40 
A) 0.80 
B) 0.40

The goal of the correlational research strategy is

Which of the following pairs of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Which of the following correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

The goal of the correlational research strategy is demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

A researcher reports that there is no consistent relationship between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for college students.The correlation between grade point average and the number of hours studying is an example of

Which research design is commonly used to help establish the reliability or validity of a measurement procedure?

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient.

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

To establish the validity of a measure,a researcher examines

A defining characteristic of the correlational study is

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

The strength or consistency of a relationship between variables is indicated by

A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right.Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy

The goal of the correlational research strategy is

Which of the following pairs of variables should produce a correlation near zero?

Describe the use of a scatter plot in graphing data from a correlational study.

For a positive correlation,decreases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Which of the following correctly identifies a similarity between a correlational study and the differential research design?

The goal of the correlational research strategy is demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Correlations are often used to help demonstrate the reliability and validity of measurement.

A researcher reports that there is no consistent relationship between grade point average and the number of hours spent studying for college students.The correlation between grade point average and the number of hours studying is an example of

Which research design is commonly used to help establish the reliability or validity of a measurement procedure?

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show

The coefficient of determination is computed by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient.

Describe the differences between a correlational study and differential research.

To establish the validity of a measure,a researcher examines

A defining characteristic of the correlational study is

If decreases in the X variable are accompanied by decreases in the Y variable,then the correlation between X and Y is negative.

The strength or consistency of a relationship between variables is indicated by

A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right.Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters