Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) salary level increases as educational level decreases 
B) salary level decreases as educational level decreases 
C) educational level decreases as salary level increases 
D) educational level stays the same as salary level increases 
A) salary level increases as educational level decreases 
B) salary level decreases as educational level decreases 
C) educational level decreases as salary level increases 
D) educational level stays the same as salary level increases

Question 2

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When students apply to colleges,they usually are required to submit SAT scores along with their applications.College officials know that there is a good relationship between scores on the SAT and success in college.In this situation,success in college is the

Accepted Answer

A) predictor variable. 
B) criterion variable. 
C) dependent variable. 
D) independent variable. 
A) predictor variable. 
B) criterion variable. 
C) dependent variable. 
D) independent variable.

Question 4

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the third-variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87...

Question 6

A researcher watches children on a playground to obtain measurements of their level of activity.Then the researcher watches the children's caregivers on the playground to obtain measurements of their level of verbal reprimanding of children.The researcher hopes to demonstrate that the caregivers verbal reprimanding is related to children's activity level.This researcher is using the

Accepted Answer

A) descriptive research strategy. 
B) correlational research strategy. 
C) experimental research strategy. 
D) scientific research strategy. 
A) descriptive research strategy. 
B) correlational research strategy. 
C) experimental research strategy. 
D) scientific research strategy.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

A) participants are assigned to groups 
B) participants are assigned to treatment conditions 
C) participants are separated into groups based on a specific characteristic such as age or gender 
D) none of the other options is a characteristic of a correlational study. 
A) participants are assigned to groups 
B) participants are assigned to treatment conditions 
C) participants are separated into groups based on a specific characteristic such as age or gender 
D) none of the other options is a characteristic of a correlational study.

Question 8

A correlation of r = ?0.90 means that there is essentially no consistent relationship between X and Y.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A negative value for a correlation indicates

Accepted Answer

A) a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were positive. 
B) a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were positive. 
C) increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y. 
D) increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y. 
A) a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were positive. 
B) a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were positive. 
C) increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y. 
D) increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y.

Question 10

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A Pearson correlation of r = ?1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A statistically significant correlation means that

Accepted Answer

A) the correlation is large. 
B) the correlation is small. 
C) there is no relationship between the variables. 
D) None of the other options is correct about a statistically significant correlation. 
A) the correlation is large. 
B) the correlation is small. 
C) there is no relationship between the variables. 
D) None of the other options is correct about a statistically significant correlation.

Question 13

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the directionality problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a scatter plot

Accepted Answer

A) each individual is represented by a single point. 
B) each group mean is represented by a single point. 
C) each individual is represented by two data points. 
D) each group mean is represented by two data points. 
A) each individual is represented by a single point. 
B) each group mean is represented by a single point. 
C) each individual is represented by two data points. 
D) each group mean is represented by two data points.

Question 16

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a

Accepted Answer

A) mean. 
B) t test. 
C) correlational coefficient. 
D) standard deviation. 
A) mean. 
B) t test. 
C) correlational coefficient. 
D) standard deviation.

Question 17

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A positive value for a correlation indicates

Accepted Answer

A) increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y. 
B) increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y. 
C) a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were negative. 
D) a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were negative. 
A) increases in X tend to be accompanied by increases in Y. 
B) increases in X tend to be accompanied by decreases in Y. 
C) a much stronger relationship than if the correlation were negative. 
D) a much weaker relationship than if the correlation were negative.

Question 20

With a very large sample,even a very small correlation can be statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

When students apply to colleges,they usually are required to submit SAT scores along with their applications.College officials know that there is a good relationship between scores on the SAT and success in college.In this situation,success in college is the

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the third-variable problem.

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a correlational study?

A correlation of r = ?0.90 means that there is essentially no consistent relationship between X and Y.

A negative value for a correlation indicates

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

A Pearson correlation of r = ?1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

A statistically significant correlation means that

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children.However,it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV.This is an example of the directionality problem.

If the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

In a scatter plot

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

A positive value for a correlation indicates

With a very large sample,even a very small correlation can be statistically significant.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters

Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

A statistically significant correlation means that the correlation is large and strong.

When students apply to colleges,they usually are required to submit SAT scores along with their applications.College officials know that there is a good relationship between scores on the SAT and success in college.In this situation,success in college is the

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory.This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a correlational study?

A correlation of r = ?0.90 means that there is essentially no consistent relationship between X and Y.

A negative value for a correlation indicates

It is possible for a sample to have a real,non-zero correlation,even though the correlation for the general population is zero.

A Pearson correlation of r = ?1.00 means that all the data points fit perfectly on a straight line.

A statistically significant correlation means that

If the data for a correlational study consists of one or more scores that are not numerical values,the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

In a scatter plot

In correlational studies,the consistency of a relationship is typically measured and described by the numerical value obtained for a

Because there is a strong positive correlation between depression and risk of divorce,we can conclude that depression causes divorce.

Both correlational studies and differential research examine the relationship between two variables.

A positive value for a correlation indicates

With a very large sample,even a very small correlation can be statistically significant.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre-Post, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

Descriptive Research Strategy

Single-Subject Research Designs

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing a Research Report

Filters