Question 1

One of the founders of modern chemistry was the Englishman:

Accepted Answer

A)  William Harvey. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Robert Hooke. 
D)  Robert Boyle. 
E)  John Locke. 
A)  William Harvey. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Robert Hooke. 
D)  Robert Boyle. 
E)  John Locke. D

Question 2

Although it was the norm with European academic societies to not admit women,one exception to this was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Maria Winkelmann. 
B)  Elena Cornaro Piscopia. 
C)  Maria Sibylla Merian. 
D)  Margaret Cavendish. 
E)  Laura Bassi. 
A)  Maria Winkelmann. 
B)  Elena Cornaro Piscopia. 
C)  Maria Sibylla Merian. 
D)  Margaret Cavendish. 
E)  Laura Bassi. E

Question 3

What impact did the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration have on the scientific revolution?

Accepted Answer

The Renaissance brought a vogue for alchemy and astronomy,and it encouraged collaboration between artisans and intellectuals,making it possible for intellectuals to develop specialized tools for their observation by working with craftspeople.The greatest influence of the Renaissance was through humanism.Humanists' return to the ancient texts and the fact that the texts could be easily printed and circulated spurred new study and debate.Special among these sources was the discovery of Archimedes's texts,which had stressed that the natural world operated on the basis of mechanical forces and that they could be described and understood mechanically.The voyages of the sixteenth century linked exploration with new knowledge of the cosmos.Natural history was vastly enriched by travelers' accounts of flora and fauna of the New World,and the new cultures and lands of Africa and the New World dealt a blow to the authority of the ancients as these lands were not mentioned in the Bible or the works of antiquity.

Question 4

Tycho Brahe differed from Copernicus in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  he openly opposed the Church. 
B)  he believed theory, not observation, was the tool to unlock the secrets of the universe. 
C)  he did not believe the earth orbited the sun. 
D)  he had powerful patrons. 
E)  his work was sponsored by the Church. 
A)  he openly opposed the Church. 
B)  he believed theory, not observation, was the tool to unlock the secrets of the universe. 
C)  he did not believe the earth orbited the sun. 
D)  he had powerful patrons. 
E)  his work was sponsored by the Church.

Question 5

Descartes introduced a new method for understanding called deductive reasoning,which relied on proceeding logically from one certainty to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why were Galileo's ideas considered so dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Much of the danger in Galileo's findings

Question 7

Sir Isaac Newton published Principia Mathematica to answer critiques of his theories coming primarily from:

Accepted Answer

A)  Robert Hooke. 
B)  John Locke. 
C)  Edmund Halley. 
D)  the Church. 
E)  Robert Boyle. 
A)  Robert Hooke. 
B)  John Locke. 
C)  Edmund Halley. 
D)  the Church. 
E)  Robert Boyle.

Question 8

Science undermined a belief in God through:

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of microscopes and telescopes, which revealed useless worlds far beyond the range of human senses, irrelevant to humanity, the supposed culmination of God's Creation. 
B)  mechanical philosophy, which eliminated a need for divine action in the universe. 
C)  the revelation of the needless complexity of objects and systems, which seemed incompatible with the design of an intelligent Creator. 
D)  an application of geometry and ethics to prove the single substance of the universe that was nature. 
E)  There is no evidence to suggest that scientific discoveries in the seventeenth century actually undermined religious faith. For many, these discoveries provided new evidence of God's existence. 
A)  the use of microscopes and telescopes, which revealed useless worlds far beyond the range of human senses, irrelevant to humanity, the supposed culmination of God's Creation. 
B)  mechanical philosophy, which eliminated a need for divine action in the universe. 
C)  the revelation of the needless complexity of objects and systems, which seemed incompatible with the design of an intelligent Creator. 
D)  an application of geometry and ethics to prove the single substance of the universe that was nature. 
E)  There is no evidence to suggest that scientific discoveries in the seventeenth century actually undermined religious faith. For many, these discoveries provided new evidence of God's existence.

Question 9

Was the scientific revolution a revolution?

Accepted Answer

The scientific revolution was primarily

Question 10

Kepler believed _________ was God's language.

Accepted Answer

A)  science 
B)  astronomy 
C)  mathematics 
D)  music 
E)  poetry 
A)  science 
B)  astronomy 
C)  mathematics 
D)  music 
E)  poetry

Question 11

The deductive method of inquiry was formulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  René Descartes. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  Blaise Pascal. 
E)  Baruch Spinoza. 
A)  René Descartes. 
B)  Francis Bacon. 
C)  Isaac Newton. 
D)  Blaise Pascal. 
E)  Baruch Spinoza.

Question 12

Baruch Spinoza applied geometry to ethics and deduced that the universe was made of a single substance that was both God and nature in one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Copernicus's work on the problem of the Ptolemaic system was commissioned by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Polish royal family. 
B)  Tycho Brahe's observatory. 
C)  the Roman Catholic Church. 
D)  Galileo Galilei and the University of Padua. 
E)  the tsar of Russia. 
A)  the Polish royal family. 
B)  Tycho Brahe's observatory. 
C)  the Roman Catholic Church. 
D)  Galileo Galilei and the University of Padua. 
E)  the tsar of Russia.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes Sir Isaac Newton's attitude toward Christianity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Religion is nothing more than the "opiate of the masses." 
B)  All religions must be rejected because they are contrary to human reason. 
C)  All worldly concerns must be rejected in order for the soul to be saved. 
D)  Science and faith are compatible and mutually supporting. 
E)  Christianity is a superstition that ought to be rejected when tested by science. 
A)  Religion is nothing more than the "opiate of the masses." 
B)  All religions must be rejected because they are contrary to human reason. 
C)  All worldly concerns must be rejected in order for the soul to be saved. 
D)  Science and faith are compatible and mutually supporting. 
E)  Christianity is a superstition that ought to be rejected when tested by science.

Question 15

The view that progress in scientific knowledge requires the cooperative effort of experimentalists and researchers who would draw inferences and develop practical applications was made by Francis Bacon in his fable:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B)  The Discourse on Method. 
C)  Novum Organum. 
D)  The New Atlantis. 
E)  Two New Sciences. 
A)  Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B)  The Discourse on Method. 
C)  Novum Organum. 
D)  The New Atlantis. 
E)  Two New Sciences.

Question 16

What were Newton's contributions to the scientific revolution?

Accepted Answer

The first of Newton's contributions to t

Question 17

What was the role of women in the scientific revolution?

Accepted Answer

Although few women were officially inclu

Question 18

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _________ and _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato; Aristotle 
B)  Plato; Ptolemy 
C)  Aristotle; Galen 
D)  Aristotle; Ptolemy 
E)  Galen; Ptolemy 
A)  Plato; Aristotle 
B)  Plato; Ptolemy 
C)  Aristotle; Galen 
D)  Aristotle; Ptolemy 
E)  Galen; Ptolemy

Question 19

Which of the following best describes Johannes Kepler's intellectual foundations?

Accepted Answer

A)  mysticism, astrology, and mathematics 
B)  humanism, Augustinianism, and Cartesians 
C)  Aristotelians, Cartesians, and mathematics 
D)  mysticism, empiricism, and Augustinians 
E)  mysticism, Cartesians, and Augustinians 
A)  mysticism, astrology, and mathematics 
B)  humanism, Augustinianism, and Cartesians 
C)  Aristotelians, Cartesians, and mathematics 
D)  mysticism, empiricism, and Augustinians 
E)  mysticism, Cartesians, and Augustinians

Question 20

In European states,the New Science:

Accepted Answer

A)  was not discovered outside of Poland and Italy until the eighteenth century. 
B)  was encouraged in England and other countries through the establishment of royal societies. 
C)  triggered a rebirth of faith throughout the continent. 
D)  was suppressed in all Catholic countries, especially in France. 
E)  was privately welcomed but not supported by any national state. 
A)  was not discovered outside of Poland and Italy until the eighteenth century. 
B)  was encouraged in England and other countries through the establishment of royal societies. 
C)  triggered a rebirth of faith throughout the continent. 
D)  was suppressed in all Catholic countries, especially in France. 
E)  was privately welcomed but not supported by any national state.

Exam 16: The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

One of the founders of modern chemistry was the Englishman:

Although it was the norm with European academic societies to not admit women,one exception to this was:

What impact did the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration have on the scientific revolution?

Tycho Brahe differed from Copernicus in that:

Descartes introduced a new method for understanding called deductive reasoning,which relied on proceeding logically from one certainty to another.

Why were Galileo's ideas considered so dangerous?

Sir Isaac Newton published Principia Mathematica to answer critiques of his theories coming primarily from:

Science undermined a belief in God through:

Was the scientific revolution a revolution?

Kepler believed _________ was God's language.

The deductive method of inquiry was formulated by:

Baruch Spinoza applied geometry to ethics and deduced that the universe was made of a single substance that was both God and nature in one.

Copernicus's work on the problem of the Ptolemaic system was commissioned by:

Which of the following best describes Sir Isaac Newton's attitude toward Christianity?

The view that progress in scientific knowledge requires the cooperative effort of experimentalists and researchers who would draw inferences and develop practical applications was made by Francis Bacon in his fable:

What were Newton's contributions to the scientific revolution?

What was the role of women in the scientific revolution?

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _________ and _________.

Which of the following best describes Johannes Kepler's intellectual foundations?

In European states,the New Science:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs,500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1250

The Medieval World,1250–1350

Rebirth and Unrest,1350–1453

Innovation and Exploration,1453–1533

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1564

Europe in the Atlantic World,1550–1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism,1660–1725

Europe during the Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution,1815–1848

Revolutions and Nation Building,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

Filters

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _ and _.