Question 1

What was the effect of industrialization on the city?

Accepted Answer

Cities sprouted up seemingly overnight,with swelling populations that quadrupled in size in less than a century.Most cities were overcrowded with immigrants from the countryside and other cities.Most cities had not updated their plumbing since the Middle Ages and as a result were unhealthy,with large areas lacking paving,sewers,or drains.Construction lagged behind population growth,and most workers lived in lodging houses or even attics and basements without light or drainage.Wood-fired heating and coal-burning factories blackened the air of most cities.Bronchitis and tuberculosis accounted for over a quarter of deaths in Britain,most likely stemming from pollution.Toxic water was a constant problem as pollution and human waste contaminated water supplies.Municipal sewage systems were built in London and Paris and emptied into the major rivers of Europe.Morals were also changing,especially in the city.Prostitution was seen as a particular evil,but was in fact the only work some women new to the city or currently unemployed could find.Prostitution,criminality,alcoholism,and unemployment were the common themes of city life as depicted in the literature of the period.

Question 2

Middle-class "respectability" required:

Accepted Answer

A)  hard work, character, and financial independence. 
B)  an education at Oxford or Cambridge. 
C)  a household containing at least five servants. 
D)  owning one's own business. 
E)  a professional vocation. 
A)  hard work, character, and financial independence. 
B)  an education at Oxford or Cambridge. 
C)  a household containing at least five servants. 
D)  owning one's own business. 
E)  a professional vocation. A

Question 3

The many environmental changes caused by the Industrial Revolution included all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  air pollution caused by industries. 
B)  water pollution caused by population increases in urban centers. 
C)  air pollution caused by home heating with wood. 
D)  water pollution caused by mining detritus. 
E)  diminishing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
A)  air pollution caused by industries. 
B)  water pollution caused by population increases in urban centers. 
C)  air pollution caused by home heating with wood. 
D)  water pollution caused by mining detritus. 
E)  diminishing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. E

Question 4

As a result of the Industrial Revolution,people of the nineteenth century viewed one another through the lens of:

Accepted Answer

A)  class. 
B)  wealth. 
C)  birth. 
D)  religion. 
E)  national origin. 
A)  class. 
B)  wealth. 
C)  birth. 
D)  religion. 
E)  national origin.

Question 5

By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial countries of Europe included:

Accepted Answer

A)  Great Britain, France, and Greece. 
B)  France, Russia, and Italy. 
C)  Bulgaria, Russia, and Greece. 
D)  Great Britain, Germany, and Russia. 
E)  Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. 
A)  Great Britain, France, and Greece. 
B)  France, Russia, and Italy. 
C)  Bulgaria, Russia, and Greece. 
D)  Great Britain, Germany, and Russia. 
E)  Germany, Italy, and Switzerland.

Question 6

One explanation for Britain's lead in the Industrial Revolution was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority of its entrepreneurs were from the aristocracy. 
B)  the government subsidized all rural industry. 
C)  the pursuit of wealth was perceived as a worthy goal in life. 
D)  Oxford and Cambridge produced a surplus of engineers. 
E)  Britain had been untouched by the Napoleonic Wars. 
A)  the majority of its entrepreneurs were from the aristocracy. 
B)  the government subsidized all rural industry. 
C)  the pursuit of wealth was perceived as a worthy goal in life. 
D)  Oxford and Cambridge produced a surplus of engineers. 
E)  Britain had been untouched by the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 7

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Accepted Answer

A)  steel. 
B)  iron. 
C)  coke. 
D)  coal. 
E)  copper. 
A)  steel. 
B)  iron. 
C)  coke. 
D)  coal. 
E)  copper.

Question 8

Railways were constructed almost entirely without aid of machinery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The Great Famine of 1845-1849:

Accepted Answer

A)  took place during a period when the Irish population was naturally declining. 
B)  affected only the Irish: it did not occur anywhere else in Europe. 
C)  was responsible for the deaths of at least 1 million Irish. 
D)  led to open class war between Irish peasants and their English landlords. 
E)  virtually wiped out the Irish population, allowing the English to take over the country as a colony. 
A)  took place during a period when the Irish population was naturally declining. 
B)  affected only the Irish: it did not occur anywhere else in Europe. 
C)  was responsible for the deaths of at least 1 million Irish. 
D)  led to open class war between Irish peasants and their English landlords. 
E)  virtually wiped out the Irish population, allowing the English to take over the country as a colony.

Question 10

What changes occurred in the second phase of the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

While "cheaper and better" was the goal

Question 11

How did changing textile industry technologies affect society?

Accepted Answer

The spinning jenny and the spinning mule

Question 12

What determined the division of the working class into subgroups?

Accepted Answer

A)  location of workplace 
B)  gender 
C)  skills and workplace 
D)  skills, wages, and gender 
E)  industry worked in 
A)  location of workplace 
B)  gender 
C)  skills and workplace 
D)  skills, wages, and gender 
E)  industry worked in

Question 13

What was the impact of industrialization on the countryside?

Accepted Answer

Even as the West grew more prosperous,co

Question 14

What was the role of working women in the Industrial Revolution,and what impact did it have on their lives?

Accepted Answer

Women had always been part of the econom

Question 15

One consequence of the industrialization of Europe was its detrimental effect on the environment.This was first noted in its effect on air quality,as typified by Coketown,the fictional city in the novel Hard Times by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Dickens. 
B)  George Eliot. 
C)  Honoré de Balzac. 
D)  Victor Hugo. 
E)  George Sand. 
A)  Charles Dickens. 
B)  George Eliot. 
C)  Honoré de Balzac. 
D)  Victor Hugo. 
E)  George Sand.

Question 16

The British government,concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s,held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories:

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately passed a set of labor laws that greatly improved the working conditions and wages of workers in 1830. 
B)  expressed sympathy but declared that because of British regulations protecting free market capitalism, nothing could be done. 
C)  suggested that workers organize themselves and appeal to the Church of England for relief. 
D)  realized the controversial nature of any move to regulate labor, but nevertheless passed several pieces of legislation to prohibit hiring children under the age of nine and to limit the hours worked by those under the age of eighteen. 
E)  passed the Reform Bill of 1832, which extended the franchise to all males and most women; the new Parliament elected outlawed child labor and set a minimum, livable wage. 
A)  immediately passed a set of labor laws that greatly improved the working conditions and wages of workers in 1830. 
B)  expressed sympathy but declared that because of British regulations protecting free market capitalism, nothing could be done. 
C)  suggested that workers organize themselves and appeal to the Church of England for relief. 
D)  realized the controversial nature of any move to regulate labor, but nevertheless passed several pieces of legislation to prohibit hiring children under the age of nine and to limit the hours worked by those under the age of eighteen. 
E)  passed the Reform Bill of 1832, which extended the franchise to all males and most women; the new Parliament elected outlawed child labor and set a minimum, livable wage.

Question 17

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization:

Accepted Answer

A)  encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market. 
B)  severely hampered the development of a market economy. 
C)  aided in the establishment of foreign business monopolies in Great Britain. 
D)  caused Great Britain to lag behind continental Europe in developing industry. 
E)  allowed foreign investors to take over most English heavy industry. 
A)  encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market. 
B)  severely hampered the development of a market economy. 
C)  aided in the establishment of foreign business monopolies in Great Britain. 
D)  caused Great Britain to lag behind continental Europe in developing industry. 
E)  allowed foreign investors to take over most English heavy industry.

Question 18

Wealth had the central role in forming a middle-class identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Many nineteenth-century doctors and scientists attributed women's supposed moral superiority to their:

Accepted Answer

A)  advanced capacity for abstract thought. 
B)  total lack of any ability for abstract thought. 
C)  lack of sexual feeling, or passionlessness. 
D)  ability to totally control their passions. 
E)  concentrated attention to spouse and children. 
A)  advanced capacity for abstract thought. 
B)  total lack of any ability for abstract thought. 
C)  lack of sexual feeling, or passionlessness. 
D)  ability to totally control their passions. 
E)  concentrated attention to spouse and children.

Question 20

By the mid-nineteenth century,the world economy had divided into two major groups:

Accepted Answer

A)  the producers of fine, luxury goods and those who produced ordinary consumer goods. 
B)  those who produced manufactured goods and those who supplied the necessary raw materials. 
C)  countries that provided the financing for industrialization and those who produced. 
D)  wealthier countries and the rest of the world which the first group supported through grants. 
E)  those who produced the goods and those who consumed them. 
A)  the producers of fine, luxury goods and those who produced ordinary consumer goods. 
B)  those who produced manufactured goods and those who supplied the necessary raw materials. 
C)  countries that provided the financing for industrialization and those who produced. 
D)  wealthier countries and the rest of the world which the first group supported through grants. 
E)  those who produced the goods and those who consumed them.

Exam 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

What was the effect of industrialization on the city?

Middle-class "respectability" required:

The many environmental changes caused by the Industrial Revolution included all of the following EXCEPT:

As a result of the Industrial Revolution,people of the nineteenth century viewed one another through the lens of:

By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial countries of Europe included:

One explanation for Britain's lead in the Industrial Revolution was that:

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Railways were constructed almost entirely without aid of machinery.

The Great Famine of 1845-1849:

What changes occurred in the second phase of the Industrial Revolution?

How did changing textile industry technologies affect society?

What determined the division of the working class into subgroups?

What was the impact of industrialization on the countryside?

What was the role of working women in the Industrial Revolution,and what impact did it have on their lives?

One consequence of the industrialization of Europe was its detrimental effect on the environment.This was first noted in its effect on air quality,as typified by Coketown,the fictional city in the novel Hard Times by:

The British government,concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s,held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories:

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization:

Wealth had the central role in forming a middle-class identity.

Many nineteenth-century doctors and scientists attributed women's supposed moral superiority to their:

By the mid-nineteenth century,the world economy had divided into two major groups:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs,500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1250

The Medieval World,1250–1350

Rebirth and Unrest,1350–1453

Innovation and Exploration,1453–1533

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1564

Europe in the Atlantic World,1550–1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism,1660–1725

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

Europe during the Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution,1815–1848

Revolutions and Nation Building,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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