Question 1

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote. 
A)  children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn. 
B)  children should be taught to use reason very early in life. 
C)  women ought to have the same education as men. 
D)  the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education. 
E)  children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote. A

Question 2

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order. 
B)  the philosophes should become, following Plato, the rulers of the world. 
C)  the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics. 
D)  human progress would result from a completely new scientific method. 
E)  the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property. 
A)  the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order. 
B)  the philosophes should become, following Plato, the rulers of the world. 
C)  the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics. 
D)  human progress would result from a completely new scientific method. 
E)  the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property. A

Question 3

Closely following voyages of discovery,many Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot believed that the Tahitians best represented humanity:

Accepted Answer

A)  as Europeans ought to attempt to emulate. 
B)  in its natural state. 
C)  in its degenerate state. 
D)  as innocent yet corrupted by Europeans. 
E)  as corrupt but possible to be saved through conversion to Christianity. 
A)  as Europeans ought to attempt to emulate. 
B)  in its natural state. 
C)  in its degenerate state. 
D)  as innocent yet corrupted by Europeans. 
E)  as corrupt but possible to be saved through conversion to Christianity. B

Question 4

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre. 
A)  Fontainebleau. 
B)  Bastille. 
C)  Frontenac. 
D)  Louvre. 
E)  le Havre.

Question 5

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no God. 
B)  humankind is predestined to either heaven or hell. 
C)  God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it. 
D)  Catholicism had become too liberal and a return to true Christianity was needed. 
E)  humankind can know God only through nature. 
A)  there is no God. 
B)  humankind is predestined to either heaven or hell. 
C)  God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it. 
D)  Catholicism had become too liberal and a return to true Christianity was needed. 
E)  humankind can know God only through nature.

Question 6

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Accepted Answer

A)  that all political institutions ought to conform to environmental conditions. 
B)  that Christianity was solely responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire. 
C)  that the government that governs least governs best of all. 
D)  in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government. 
E)  in favor of a strong monarchy balanced by a strong nobility. 
A)  that all political institutions ought to conform to environmental conditions. 
B)  that Christianity was solely responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire. 
C)  that the government that governs least governs best of all. 
D)  in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government. 
E)  in favor of a strong monarchy balanced by a strong nobility.

Question 8

Captain Cook was killed by cannibals in New Zealand,adding to the ferocity of the Western image of the Maori.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

Accepted Answer

A)  free thinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation. 
A)  free thinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation.

Question 10

What was the impact of John Locke's theories on the thinkers of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Locke was a powerful influence on the th

Question 11

Of all thinkers from the scientific revolution,John Locke had the widest-ranging impact on Enlightenment scholars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Although the philosophes condemned slavery,they did not argue for its immediate abolition and used many different means of avoiding the issue.One of their number,_________,exposed the hypocrisy of this approach by wondering how the Europeans would view slavery if they themselves were being enslaved.

Accepted Answer

A)  Baron de Montesquieu 
B)  Denis Diderot 
C)  Voltaire 
D)  Jean Calas 
E)  Moses Mendelssohn 
A)  Baron de Montesquieu 
B)  Denis Diderot 
C)  Voltaire 
D)  Jean Calas 
E)  Moses Mendelssohn

Question 13

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  salons. 
B)  lodges. 
C)  aeries. 
D)  teahouses. 
E)  coffeehouses. 
A)  salons. 
B)  lodges. 
C)  aeries. 
D)  teahouses. 
E)  coffeehouses.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavery corrupted its victims, and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman, and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D)  Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E)  Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should, therefore, be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled. 
A)  Slavery corrupted its victims, and so slaves were not ready for freedom. 
B)  Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference. 
C)  All slavery is inhuman, and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately. 
D)  Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles. 
E)  Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should, therefore, be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled.

Question 15

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762; the defendant in the case was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Le Rond. 
B)  François Arouet. 
C)  Jean Calas. 
D)  Cesare Beccaria. 
E)  Giovanni Vico. 
A)  Jean Le Rond. 
B)  François Arouet. 
C)  Jean Calas. 
D)  Cesare Beccaria. 
E)  Giovanni Vico.

Question 16

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment thinking began with the pr

Question 17

Which of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's books sold especially well among women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Julie 
B)  Emile 
C)  The Social Contract 
D)  Sense and Sensibility 
E)  Meditations on a First Philosophy 
A)  Julie 
B)  Emile 
C)  The Social Contract 
D)  Sense and Sensibility 
E)  Meditations on a First Philosophy

Question 18

What was the Enlightenment,and what role did the scientific revolution play in its creation?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment is often referred to a

Question 19

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Baruch Espinoza 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn 
C)  Nathan Lessing 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt 
E)  Felix Mendelssohn 
A)  Baruch Espinoza 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn 
C)  Nathan Lessing 
D)  Alexander von Humboldt 
E)  Felix Mendelssohn

Exam 17: Europe during the Enlightenment

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Closely following voyages of discovery,many Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot believed that the Tahitians best represented humanity:

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Captain Cook was killed by cannibals in New Zealand,adding to the ferocity of the Western image of the Maori.

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

What was the impact of John Locke's theories on the thinkers of the Enlightenment?

Of all thinkers from the scientific revolution,John Locke had the widest-ranging impact on Enlightenment scholars.

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762; the defendant in the case was:

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

Which of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's books sold especially well among women?

What was the Enlightenment,and what role did the scientific revolution play in its creation?

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs,500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1250

The Medieval World,1250–1350

Rebirth and Unrest,1350–1453

Innovation and Exploration,1453–1533

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1564

Europe in the Atlantic World,1550–1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism,1660–1725

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution,1815–1848

Revolutions and Nation Building,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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