Question 1

Which of the following is true concerning sampling error?

Accepted Answer

A)  If many independent random samples are drawn from a population, then the sample statistics from those samples are distributed in a predictable way around the population parameter. 
B)  Probability theory does not allow us to use a formula to estimate how closely the sample statistics are clustered. 
C)  The standard error cannot identify how spread out of clustered the sample statistics are around the population parameter. 
D)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  If many independent random samples are drawn from a population, then the sample statistics from those samples are distributed in a predictable way around the population parameter. 
B)  Probability theory does not allow us to use a formula to estimate how closely the sample statistics are clustered. 
C)  The standard error cannot identify how spread out of clustered the sample statistics are around the population parameter. 
D)  None of these answers are correct. A

Question 2

The purpose of sampling is to select a set of elements from a population so that the descriptions of the sample statistics accurately portray the parameters of the population. This is best achieved through the use of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a convenience sample 
B)  random selection 
C)  the sampling element 
D)  sampling error 
A)  a convenience sample 
B)  random selection 
C)  the sampling element 
D)  sampling error B

Question 3

Sampling is often used when it is not possible to collect information from all persons you want to study and when it is not necessary to collect information from all persons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Random selection permits the researcher to link findings from a sample to the body of probability theory in order to estimate the accuracy of those findings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The quasi-list of elements from which participants will be selected is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  parameter 
B)  sampling frame 
C)  population 
D)  sample 
A)  parameter 
B)  sampling frame 
C)  population 
D)  sample

Question 6

Assume that you are required to design a research project that can measure the amount of underage drinking on your campus. Briefly discuss how that would be done using the following sources of data:
a. Asking Questions
b. Direct Observation
c. Examining Written Records

Accepted Answer

To measure the amount of underage drinki

Question 7

The size of the sample and the standard error are related in which way?

Accepted Answer

A)  The standard error is not related to the size of the sample. 
B)  When the sample size increases so does the standard error. 
C)  When the sample size increases the standard error decreases. 
D)  The standard error moves in the same direction as the sample size. 
A)  The standard error is not related to the size of the sample. 
B)  When the sample size increases so does the standard error. 
C)  When the sample size increases the standard error decreases. 
D)  The standard error moves in the same direction as the sample size.

Question 8

When a sample closely reflects the population in terms of aggregate characteristics, the sample is said to be _______________ of the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a sample closely reflects the population...

Question 9

If the variable that you are interested in studying is so rare that it is unlikely to be discovered using random sampling, what is the best alternative?

Accepted Answer

A)  accidental sampling 
B)  quota sampling 
C)  stratified sampling 
D)  purposive sampling 
A)  accidental sampling 
B)  quota sampling 
C)  stratified sampling 
D)  purposive sampling

Question 10

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between standard error and sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a positive relationship. 
B)  There is an inverse relationship. 
C)  As sample size decreases, the standard error decreases. 
D)  As sample size increases, the standard error increases. 
A)  There is a positive relationship. 
B)  There is an inverse relationship. 
C)  As sample size decreases, the standard error decreases. 
D)  As sample size increases, the standard error increases.

Question 11

Confidence levels allow the researcher to have some idea of how closely their samples reflect the parameter. Which statement about confidence levels is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be 95 percent sure the estimates of that sample fall within one standard error of the parameter. 
B)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be 68 percent sure that estimates of that sample fall within two standard errors of the parameter. 
C)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can almost be positive 99+ percent) that estimates of that sample fall within three standard errors of the true value. 
D)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be positive that sample mean is equivalent to population mean. 
A)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be 95 percent sure the estimates of that sample fall within one standard error of the parameter. 
B)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be 68 percent sure that estimates of that sample fall within two standard errors of the parameter. 
C)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can almost be positive 99+ percent) that estimates of that sample fall within three standard errors of the true value. 
D)  If a simple random sample is used, probability theory suggests that researchers can be positive that sample mean is equivalent to population mean.

Question 12

The primary goal of _______________ is homogeneity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary goal of _______________ is homogeneity....

Question 13

Which of the following is not a reason for using random selection methods in selecting samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random selection is a check on conscious or unconscious bias. 
B)  Random selection gives access to probability theory. 
C)  Random selection allows for estimates of error. 
D)  Random selection allows the researcher to selects cases on an intuitive basis 
A)  Random selection is a check on conscious or unconscious bias. 
B)  Random selection gives access to probability theory. 
C)  Random selection allows for estimates of error. 
D)  Random selection allows the researcher to selects cases on an intuitive basis

Question 14

In order to study active criminals who have not been arrested for their criminal acts, the researcher would be wise to employ which type of sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  purposive sampling 
B)  snowball sampling 
C)  convenience sampling 
D)  stratified random sampling 
A)  purposive sampling 
B)  snowball sampling 
C)  convenience sampling 
D)  stratified random sampling

Question 15

The use of _______________ sampling helps researchers generalize to a larger population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of _______________ sampling helps researchers...

Question 16

Multistage cluster sampling with stratification, systematic sampling, simple random sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling are examples of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonprobability sampling 
B)  probability sampling 
C)  sampling distributions 
D)  sampling frames 
A)  nonprobability sampling 
B)  probability sampling 
C)  sampling distributions 
D)  sampling frames

Question 17

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The unit about which information is collected...

Question 18

A researcher using stratified sampling wants to reduce the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sampling error 
B)  standard error 
C)  number of dependent variables 
D)  time it takes to draw a sample 
A)  sampling error 
B)  standard error 
C)  number of dependent variables 
D)  time it takes to draw a sample

Question 19

Cluster sampling is a very efficient tool, but the efficiency means a less accurate sample because with each cluster, there is a chance for sampling error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following illustrates a population in which cluster sampling would be the best choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  law enforcement officers in the United States 
B)  Uniform Crime Reports 
C)  convicted violent criminals 
D)  news paper reports 
A)  law enforcement officers in the United States 
B)  Uniform Crime Reports 
C)  convicted violent criminals 
D)  news paper reports

Exam 6: Section 1: Sampling

Which of the following is true concerning sampling error?

The purpose of sampling is to select a set of elements from a population so that the descriptions of the sample statistics accurately portray the parameters of the population. This is best achieved through the use of ____.

Sampling is often used when it is not possible to collect information from all persons you want to study and when it is not necessary to collect information from all persons.

Random selection permits the researcher to link findings from a sample to the body of probability theory in order to estimate the accuracy of those findings.

The quasi-list of elements from which participants will be selected is called the ____.

Assume that you are required to design a research project that can measure the amount of underage drinking on your campus. Briefly discuss how that would be done using the following sources of data: a. Asking Questions b. Direct Observation c. Examining Written Records

The size of the sample and the standard error are related in which way?

When a sample closely reflects the population in terms of aggregate characteristics, the sample is said to be _______________ of the population.

If the variable that you are interested in studying is so rare that it is unlikely to be discovered using random sampling, what is the best alternative?

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between standard error and sample size?

Confidence levels allow the researcher to have some idea of how closely their samples reflect the parameter. Which statement about confidence levels is true?

The primary goal of _______________ is homogeneity.

Which of the following is not a reason for using random selection methods in selecting samples?

In order to study active criminals who have not been arrested for their criminal acts, the researcher would be wise to employ which type of sampling technique?

The use of _______________ sampling helps researchers generalize to a larger population.

Multistage cluster sampling with stratification, systematic sampling, simple random sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling are examples of _____.

The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis is called the _______________.

A researcher using stratified sampling wants to reduce the ____.

Cluster sampling is a very efficient tool, but the efficiency means a less accurate sample because with each cluster, there is a chance for sampling error.

Which of the following illustrates a population in which cluster sampling would be the best choice?

Section 1: Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Section 2: Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Section 1: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

Section 2: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

Section 1: General Issues in Research Design

Section 2: General Issues in Research Design

Section 1: Concepts, Operationalization, and Measurement

Section 2: Concepts, Operationalization, and Measurement

Section 1: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Section 2: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Section 2: Sampling

Section 1: Survey Research

Section 2: Survey Research

Section 1: Qualitative Interviewing

Section 2: Qualitative Interviewing

Section 1: Field Observation

Section 2: Field Observation

Section 1: Agency Records, Content Analysis, and Secondary Data

Section 2: Agency Records, Content Analysis, and Secondary Data

Section 1: Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis Glossary

Section 2: Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis Glossary

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